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Family Practice Nursing > Vaccinations > Flashcards

Vaccinations Flashcards

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1
Q

Which vaccines are live?

A 
MMR
Varicella
Yellow fever
Polio (oral)
Typhoid (oral)
Influenza (intranasal)
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2
Q

Which vaccines are inactivated?

A 
DTaP
Meningococcal
HIB
Pneumococcal
IVP
Hepatitis A
Rabies
Hepatitis B
Td
Influenza (IM)
Tdap
Typhoid (IM)
HPV
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3
Q

How and when is the Hep B vaccine administered?

A 
Birth, 1-2 month, 6-18months
3 doses total
1st dose - Administer monovalent HepB before hospital discharge
If mom Hep B +, infant needs HBIG also
Deep IM
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4
Q

How and when is the Rota Virus (RV) vaccine administered?

A

2months, 4 months, 6months

3 doses total

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5
Q

How and when is the Dtap vaccine administered?

A

2months, 4 months, 6months, 15-18months, 4-6years
5 doses total
Deep IM

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6
Q

How and when is the Hib vaccine administered?

A

2months, 4 months, 6months, 12-15 months
4 doses total
IM
Not needed after age 5 years old

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7
Q

How and when is the PCV vaccine administered?

A

2months, 4 months, 6months, 12-15 months
4 doses total
IM

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8
Q

How and when is the IPV vaccine administered?

A

2months, 4 months, 6-18 months, 4-6years
4 doses total
IM (or SQ)

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9
Q

How and when is the influenza vaccine administered?

A

6months initially with 2 doses 4 months apart after that annually. If child is already 8 yrs old on 2 doses 4 months apart needed.

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10
Q

How and when is the MMR vaccine administered?

A

12-15 months and 4-6
2 doses total
SQ
Use different site from Varicella if given at same time
Suppresses PPD rxn so don’t do on same day

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11
Q

How and when is the Varicella vaccine administered?

A

12-15 months and 4-6
2 doses total
SQ
Use different site from MMR if given at same time

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12
Q

How and when is the Hep A vaccine administered?

A

12-23 months
2 doses total given between 6-18 months apart
Deep IM

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13
Q

How and when is the Tdap vaccine administered?

A

11-12yrs
May be given as early as 7 if patient missed dosage
Deep IM

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14
Q

How and when is the HPV vaccine administered?

A

11-12yrs
3 doses total
2 months after the first dose and 6 months after the first dose

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15
Q

How and when is the MCV vaccine administered?

A

11-12yrs, booster at age 16

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16
Q

How and when is the Shingles vaccine administered?

A

60yr+

1 dose total

17
Q

How and when is the Pneumococcal vaccine administered?

A

65yr+

1 dose of PCV13 and PPVS23

18
Q

How is Diphtheria spread and what does it cause?

A

Spreads through coughing and sneezing
Thick coating in nose/throat makes breathing difficult
May cause paralysis or heart failure

19
Q

How is Pertussis spread and what does it cause?

A 
Pertussis – Bordetella pertussis
“Whooping cough”
Spreads through coughing, sneezing
Cough lasts for weeks
Deadly for infants
20
Q

How is Tetanus spread and what does it cause?

A

Tetanus – Clostridium tetani
Found in dirt
Toxin causes muscle spasms/paralysis in human body

21
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread and what does it cause?

A

Member of Picomavirus family
Transmitted via oral-fecal route
Causes liver disease – acute ONLY

22
Q

How is Hepatitis B spread and what does it cause?

A

Member of Hipadnaviridae family
Transmitted via body fluids during acute and chronic stages of disease
Causes liver disease, acute and chronic

23
Q

How is Haemophilus Influenzae -Type B (Hib) spread and what does it cause?

A

Aerobic gram-negative bacteria
Age-dependent susceptibility (mostly in children younger than 5 years)
Colonizes nasopharynx, does not always cause active disease
Passive immunity through breastfeeding during first 6 months of life
Causes:
Non-typeable (uncapsulated) strains: AOM, bronchitis Type-able strains: meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, arthritis, and/or cellulitis

24
Q

How is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) spread and what does it cause?

A

Infects epithelium:
Cutaneous – skin warts – majority

Mucosal – nonocogenic types (6 & 11) – genital warts and laryngeal papillomas
Oncogenic types (16,18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69, 73, 82) - cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers
Type 16 accounts for 50% of cervical cancers worldwide
Types 16/18 together cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers

25
Q

How is Influenza Virus spread and what does it cause?

A 
Single-stranded, helically shaped RNA virus
Orthomyxovirus family
Type A – moderate to severe illness
Type B – milder illness
Type C – subclinical disease
26
Q

How is Measles spread and what does it cause?

A

Measles:
Paramyxovirus (RNA) – related to “rinderpest” and canine distemper viruses
Respiratory transmission
Systemic infection

27
Q

How is Mumps spread and what does it cause?

A

Mumps:
Paramyxovirus (RNA) – same group as parainfluenza and Newcastle Disease viruses
Transmitted by respiratory droplets
Causes parotitis and orchitis

28
Q

How is Rubella spread and what does it cause?

A

Rubella
Togavirus – (enveloped RNA) – related to Group A arborviruses (Eastern and Western equine encephalitis viruses)
Respiratory transmission
Causes rash, malaise

29
Q

How is Meningococcal Meningitis spread and what does it cause?

A 
Neisseria meningitidis
Aerobic, gram-negative diplococcus
Closely related to N. gonorrhoeae
Transmitted by:
droplet aerosol
secretions from the nasopharynx
30
Q

How is Polio spread and what does it cause?

A

Enterovirus from Picornaviridae family
Fecal-Oral transmission
Causes Poliomyelitis

31
Q

How is Respiratory Syncticial Virus (RSV) spread and what does it cause?

A

Causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections

Contact precaution

32
Q

How is Rotavirus spread and what does it cause?

A

Transmission
Fecal-oral
Fomite
Causes severe diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance

33
Q

How is Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) spread and what does it cause?

A

Respiratory transmission

Causes chickenpox

34
Q

How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread and what does it cause?

A 
Respiratory transmission
Causes:
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
Meningeal – TB meningitis
Miliary disease – bone, kidney, other organs

Family Practice Nursing (9 decks)

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