Vaccination Flashcards
Inactivated vaccines
killed version of the pathogen
cannot cause an infection
safe for immunocompromised
Polio
Flu vaccine
Hepatitis A
Rabies
subunit and conjugate vaccines
contain part of the organism to stimulate an immune response
cannot cause infection
safe for immunocompromised
Pneumococcus Meningococcus Hepatitis B Pertussis (whooping cough) Haemophilus influenza type B Human papillomavirus (HPV) Shingles (herpes-zoster virus)
live attenuated vaccine
weakened version of the pathogen
capable of causing an infection (particularly in immunocompromised patients)
Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: contains all three weakened viruses
BCG: contains a weakened version of tuberculosis
Chickenpox: contains a weakened varicella-zoster virus
Nasal influenza vaccine (not the injection)
Rotavirus vaccine
UK vaccine schedule
8 weeks:
6 in 1
meningococcal type B
rotavirus
12 weeks:
6 in 1 (again)
pneumococcal (13 serotypes)
rotavirus
16 weeks
6 in 1 (again)
meningococcal type B (again)
2 in 1 (haemophilus influenza type B and meningococcal type C) Pneumococcal (again) MMR vaccine (measles, mumps and rubella) Meningococcal type B (again) Yearly from age 2 – 8:
Influenza vaccine (nasal vaccine) 3 years 4 months:
4 in 1 (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio)
MMR vaccine (again)
12 – 13 years:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (2 doses given 6 to 24 months apart) 14 years:
3 in 1 (tetanus, diphtheria and polio)
Meningococcal groups A, C, W and Y
6 in 1 vaccine
diptheria HiB Hep B pertussis polio tetanus
HPV vaccine
given to girls and boys before they are sexually active
6, 11 genital warts
16 and 18 cervical cancer
BCG vaccine
offered from birth to those higher risk of TB urban areas with higher rates
how do vaccines work
inactivated vaccine
live vaccine
immunisation complication and contraindication
complications: swelling and discomfort, fever, anaphylaxis (rare)
postpone if febrile illness
defer if evolving neuro problem
febril convulsion is not a contraindication
egg allergy is not a contraindication
poliomyelitis
polio virus, fever, flu, sore throat, faecal oral?
oral attenuated vaccine
inactivated vaccine
measels virus
10-12 days post exposure
fever, malaise, conjunctivits, rash
complications: pneumonia, brain inflammation, corneal ulceration
dyptheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Droplet spread Fever, sore throat, croup and airway obstruction, lymphadenopathy Treatment with an antitoxin Antibiotics Previous mortality between 5-10%
pertussis whooping cough
bordetella pertussis droplet infectoin 7-14 days common cold- fever, cough *conjunctival haemorrhage antibiotics
haemophilus
Haemophilus influenzae Gram negative Encapsulated and unencapsulated strains Opportunistic infection Effects Sepsis, Pneumonia, Epiglotitis, Meningitis, Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis HiB vaccine
pnuemoccocal
strep pneumoniae
gram +ve
conjugate vaccine
