V & VI Flashcards
Vivaldi is from which time period?
the Baroque era
The first 5 pieces of the Pentathlon Fine Arts music selection lack what?
emotions of the sights or creatures they depict, as they are fairly objective
What is the song “Winterreise” about?
a heartbroken man who wanders the winter countryside
How is the mood in the song “Let it Snow”?
cheerful
Are all emotions in songs joyful?
No, songs express a variety of emotions and feelings
The seasons of summer and spring make most people feel which emotions?
pleasure and joy
When did the first attempts to “write music down” begin?
in the 9th century, the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages are also known as what?
the Medieval Period
What started the desire to want to write music down?
the Catholic Church as it was growing impossible to keep the chants in church consistent from place to place
The earliest surviving written music is intended to support what?
religious services and activities
The Catholic Church’s chants were monophonic, meaning what?
it was only voices, no accompaniment, so only melodies needed to be transcribed
What was the earliest form of counterpoint?
composers of sacred music experimenting with ways for people to sing different melodies simultaneously and make it sound nice
Do children learn songs like “Row, Row, Row Your Boat” or “Are You Sleeping?” by reading music?
No, they learn it “by ear” or “by rote”
A remarkable secular round from the mid-13th century survived in an abbey near where?
Reading, England (pronounced “Redding”)
What is an abbey?
a religious building where Catholic monks or nuns lived
What does “Sumer icumen in” mean?
Summer has come
What was “Sumer icumen in” preserved in?
a manuscript
What is a manuscript?
a handwritten document
What is “Sumer icumen in” a celebration of?
it is a celebration of the arrival of summer
What is the medieval term for “round”?
“rota”
“Reading rota” is a nickname for which piece?
“Sumer icumen in”
What is “Reading rota” named after?
the abbey that preserved the manuscript
The word canon is a synonym for __________. (5 letters)
round
“Summer canon” is a nickname for which piece?
“Sumer icumen in”
How many lines did the staff have on the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in”?
it had 6 lines, different from the 5 lines in music today
What does the “C” on the 4th line of the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in” tell us?
to read notes on those lines as “C”
What does the flat symbol on the 3rd space of the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in” tell us?
to sing the Bs as B-flats
What shapes were used to represent notes on the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in”?
they were primarily squares and diamonds
“Sumer icumen in” is in which language?
Olde English
What does “Lhude sing cuccu!” mean?
Loudly sing cuckoo!
What does “Groweth sed and bloweth med” mean?
The seed grows and the meadow blooms
What does “And springth the wode nu” mean?
And the woods spring anew
What does “Sing cuccu” mean?
Sing cuckoo
What does “Awe bleteth after lomb” mean?
The ewe bleats after lamb
What does “Llouth after calve cu” mean?
The cow lows after her calf
What does “Bulluc sterteth, bucke verteth” mean?
The bull jumps, the buck leaps
What does “Murie sing cuccu” mean?
Merrily sing cuckoo
What does “Wel singes thu cuccu” mean?
Well sing you cuckoo
What does “Ne swik thu naver nu” mean?
Nor stop thou never now
What does the red cross (or plus sign) on the staff after the first phrase of the manuscript for “Sumer icumen in” mean?
it indicates that when the first singer of the rota reaches that point, the subsequent singer should start, and so forth, this is like a canon
Other than the rota, “Sumer icumen in” has a second layer of musical activity called what?
a rodellus
What is a rondellus?
a polyphonic genre for 2 or more voices
When was the rondellus popular?
during the Middle Ages
The rondellus in “Sumer icumen in” consists of what?
2 short motifs, A and B
What happens in a rondellus
the first performer sings part A and the second performer sings part B, this creates harmony, they then switch their parts so the first performer sings part A and the 2nd sings part B
What is the rondellus technique also known as?
“voice-exchange”
What is the repeating of the rondellus in “Sumer icumen in” called?
an ostinato
What is the rondellus in “Sumer icumen in” labeled as in the manuscript?
“pes”
What does “pes” mean?
“foot” or “ground”
Many scholars believe the pes for “Sumer icumen in” is sampled from which other chant?
an older sacred chant, “Regina caeli laetare”
How do the first 5 pitches of the “Regina caeli laetare” compare with the first 5 of rondellus in “Sumer icumen in”?
they are identical
What was the medieval method of writing music called? (used in “Regina caeli laetare”)
it was called “square notation”
What was “square notation” nicknamed after?
the shape of most of the noteheads as they looked like squares
What is the starting pitch of “Regina caeli laetare”?
an F
What is the starting pitch of the A-melody of the rondellus in “Sumer icumen in”?
an F
How many voices sing “Sumer icumen in”?
6 voices sing “Sumer icumen in”
Which pes melody of “Sumer icumen in” is lower, A or B?
the B-melody is lower pitched
Which pes melody of “Sumer icumen in” is higher, A or B?
the A-melody is higher pitched
How many measures does the B-melody of pes in “Sumer icumen in” wait before playing?
2 measures
Who wrote “What a Wonderful World”?
Louis Armstrong
How old was Armstrong when his father abandoned his mother?
he was only an infant
How old was Armstrong when he was first arrested?
9 years old
What was Armstrong arrested for the first time?
for being a dangerous and suspicious character
Where was Armstrong sent after he was arrested for the first time?
the Colored Waifs Home in New Orleans
Who took in Armstrong when he was sent to the Colored Waifs Home?
his aunt
When was Armstrong arrested the second time?
New Year’s Eve, 1912
What was Armstrong arrested for the second time?
for shooting a gun into the air
When was Armstrong sent to the Colored Waifs Home for the second time?
1913
What change happened in the Colored Waifs Home the second time Armstrong went?
they hired a new band director
Who did the Colored Waifs Home hire as the new band director?
they hired Peter Davis
Who were the proprietors of the Colored Waifs Home?
Joseph and Manuela Jones
What instrument did Amstrong play and study with Mr. Davis?
he played cornet
How long did Amstrong stay in the Colored Waifs Home for the 2nd time?
he spent 18 months there
Who took interest in Armstrong and gave him a cornet of his own?
cornetist and band leader Joe “King” Oliver
Who did Armstrong marry?
Lillian Hardin
Oliver persuaded Armstrong to do what?
join his band and move to Chicago with him
Where was Armstrong’s playing first recorded?
Chicago, IL
When did Armstrong marry Hardin?
1924
What did Hardin play in Oliver’s band?
piano
How did Hardin help Armstrong’s musical career?
she taught him music theory and music notation and persuaded him to pursue a career as a soloist
Who persuaded Armstrong to pursue a career as a soloist?
Hardin
Why did his friends call Armstrong “Satchmo” as a nickname?
because they said his mouth was “as big as a satchel”
What vocal recording by Armstrong became a huge hit and climbed to #1? (one of his first)
“Hello Dolly”
When did “Hello Dolly” become #1 on the Billboard top 100?
1964
How old was Armstrong when he became #1 on the Billboard charts?
63 years old
What record did Armstrong break when he became #1 on the Billboard charts?
he was the oldest person to reach #1 on the Billboard ranking
Joseph F. Laredo claims people tried to do what to imitate Armstrong’s gravelly singing voice?
he claimed some people would purposely catch colds to try to imitate his voice
What was the Cold War?
Post-WWII tension between communist and capitalist nations
Who led the Cold War?
the US and the Soviet Union
How did Armstrong’s fans react to his commercial tour in 1955?
they went crazy and he was mobbed by fans everywhere he traveled
How did oppressive governments find jazz to be?
they found it to be deeply threatening with its emphasis on free expression
When did Armstrong travel to Africa as an official state ambassador?
1960
The US State Department sanction Armstrong’s 1957 tour to where?
South America
During the turmoil of the mid-60s, what did George David Weiss have an idea for Armstrong to do?
write a different song specifically for Armstrong that would be called “What a Wonderful World”
Who was Bob Thiele’s co-writer in the 1960s?
George David Weiss
Why did Thiele initially use an alias for published copies of “What a Wonderful World”?
because of an industry bias against record producers recording their own compositions
What alias did Thiele use for “What a Wonderful World”?
George Douglas
Where did Thiele get his alias for “What a Wonderful World” from?
the first two names of his cousins
Was Armstrong hard to convince to make the song “What a Wonderful World”?
No, it was actually easy
Initially, what part of the song “What a Wonderful World” did Armstrong not like?
he initially didn’t like its simple melody
Where did Louis Armstrong move to after marrying his 4th wife?
Corona, NY
What was the name of Armstrong’s 4th wife?
Lucille
When did Armstrong meet to record “What a Wonderful World”? (time and exact date)
roughly 2 AM on August 16, 1967
Where did Armstrong and his performers record “What a Wonderful World”?
Las Vegas, specifically United Studios
Where did Armstrong come from before recording “What a Wonderful World”?
he came from his midnight performance at the Tropicana Hotel in Las Vegas
Because the extra performers needed for “What a Wonderful World” were costly, how much was the minimum union rare limited to?
the minimum union rate was limited to roughly $250
Before recording “What a Wonderful World”, Armstrong had recently signed a deal with which record company?
ABC-Paramount Records
Who was the president of ABC-Paramount Records when “What a Wonderful World” was recorded?
Larry Newton
What did Larry Newton say about Armstrong recording “What a Wonderful World”?
he thought he was crazy for recording a ballad rather than an upbeat song like “Dolly”
Who was the only person to throw Armstrong out of a recording studio?
Larry Newton
Who was the publisher of the song “What a Wonderful World”?
Frank Military
What did Thiele and Frank Military do when they got Newton out of the recording studio for “What a Wonderful World”?
they locked him out and wouldn’t let him back in
What was the other disruption when recording “What a Wonderful World” other than Newton?
the noises the nearby trains made
Who was the music arranger for “What a Wonderful World”
Artie Butler
How many times did they have to stop the recording session for “What a Wonderful World” because of trains?
two times
Butler described the train interruption when recording “What a Wonderful World” as the epitome of which law?
“the epitome of Murphy’s Law”
What is Murphy’s law?
it states that “anything that can go wrong, will go wrong”
At which time did they get a good recording of “What a Wonderful World”?
6 AM
How did Newton get his revenge on “What a Wonderful World”?
he refused to promote any recording of it
How long did “What a Wonderful World” stay No. 1 on England’s top 100?
4 weeks
What does it mean when a record has gone “silver”?
it means that it sold over 500,000 copies
Who accepted Armstrong’s award silver plaque for “What a Wonderful World”?
Larry Newton
Why did Newton accept Armstrong’s silver award plaque for “What a Wonderful World”?
because Armstrong was ill
When did Armstrong die?
1971
Barry Levinson chose “What a Wonderful World” for which of his movies?
“Good Morning, Vietnam”
When was “Good Morning, Vietnam” released?
1988
What is “Good Morning, Vietnam” about?
scenes and conflict during the Vietnam War
When did “What a Wonderful World” reach the top 40?
1988
In 1988, what place did “What a Wonderful World” reach on the Billboard’s top 40?
it got No. 32
When was “What a Wonderful World” added to the Grammy Hall of Fame?
1999
What is a common nickname for the 3rd phrase of a 32-bar form?
bridge
What is the form for “What a Wonderful World”?
it is a 32-bar song form with an A-A-B-A pattern
The 3rd phrase of a 32-bar form is usually different from which other phrases?
the A-phrases
The A phrase in “What a Wonderful World” is similar to the first phrase of which other song?
“Twinkle Twinkle Little Star”
The flowing accompaniment in “What a Wonderful World” is in which meter?
12/8
Who made “Global Warming”?
Michael Abels
What is “Global Warming” inspired by?HINT: It’s NOT global warming exactly
the initial post-Cold War “thaw”
What is “Global Warming” an example of?
blended cultures
How is Abels of a mixed heritage?
his mother is white while his father is black
Did Abels know his parents?
He knew his mother, but not his father
Where was Abels born?
Phoenix, Arizona
Who adopted Abels soon after he was born?
his grandparents (from his mother’s side)
Where did Abels move to when he was adopted?
a farm in South Dakota
What instrument was Abels fascinated by at age 4?
his family’s piano
Why was Abels sent to Phoenix, AZ to live with his aunt and uncle
because he had severe allergies and the desert air would be better for him
How many times was Abels hospitalized due to allergies before the age of 6?
2 times
Who did Abels live with when he moved to Phoenix at the age of 6?
his aunt and uncle
How old was Abels when he started dabbling in composition?
8 years old
Mark Russell Smith was one of Abels’ classmates in which grade?
2nd grade
Who made Mark Russell important to Abels?
his father
Mark Russell’s father was the conductor of which choir?
the Phoenix Boy’s Choir
Who did Abels join the Phoenix Boy’s Choir with? (which one of his friends)
Mark Russell
When Abels and Mark Russel were 13, they attended a music summer camp where?
Northern Arizona University
How old was Abels when he completed his first symphonic piece?
13
Abels’ first symphonic piece was a concerto for which instrument?
piano
Who was the conductor when Abels first presented his first symphonic piece?
Mark Russell
Where did Abels first premiere his first symphonic piece?
the summer music camp at Northern Arizona University
Who was the piano player when Abels first presented his first symphonic piece?
Michael Abels (himself)
Where did Mark Russell go to college?
Juilliard
What did Mark Russell study at Juilliard?
cello
