III & IV Flashcards
What is music with no voices, only instruments, called?
programmatic music
Who wrote La mer?
Claude Debussy
La mer is French for what?
the sea
Who wrote The Sea?
Frank Bridge
Frank Bridge is from which country?
England
Who wrote Vltava?
Bedrich Smetana
Where is Bedrich Smetana from?
the Czech Republic
Vlatava took listeners along a programmatic journey through what?
one of the rivers from Smetana’s homeland
Where is the 2nd longest river in the world?
the Amazon
Who wrote Aguas da Amazonia?
Phillip Glass
Aguas da Amazonia paid tribute to what?
the Amazon
What does Aguas da Amazonia translate to?
Waters of the Amazon
The Mississippi River and its 2 tributaries, the Ohio and Missouri Rivers, have what ranking for the largest river system?
they are currently 3rd
The Mississippi River may be the most _____________ river in the entire world.”
musical
Who wrote the Mississippi River Suite?
Florence Price
Who was the first black woman to have a symphony performed by a major American orchestra?
Florence Price
Who wrote Mississippi Suite: A Journey in Tones?
Fred Grofe
When was the Mississippi Suite: A Journey in Tones premiered in NY?
1926
Mississippi Suite: A Journey in Tones depicted scenes from where?
the Mississippi’s headwaters in Minnesota to New Orleans
Who wrote Reflections on the Mississippi?
Micheal Daugherty
Reflections on the Mississippi is a Concierto for which instrument?
the tuba
What was Daugherty’s first composition for wind band?
Niagara Falls
The piece Niagara Falls was written for what band?
the University of Michigan Symphonic Band
Why did Daugherty dedicate Niagara Falls to the University of Michigan Symphonic Band?
because it was its 100th year anniversary
Where was Alan Hovhaness when Mount St. Helens erupted?
Seattle
When did Mount St. Helens erupt?
1980
The volcano Mount St. Helens erupted, producing the largest _____________ in recorded history.
landslide
Who asked Hovhaness to write a commemorative piece for the eruption of St. Helens?
his publisher
Who wrote Symphony No. 50: Mount St. Helens”?”
Alan Hovhaness
Symphony No. 50: Mount St. Helens” was written as a commemorative piece for which natural disaster?”
the eruption of the volcano Mount St. Helens
When did Hovhaness complete Symphony No. 50: Mount St. Helens”?”
1982
Who wrote Yellowstone for Violin and Orchestra?
Jett Hitt
What was the name of Joan Tower’s first orchestral composition?
Sequoia
When did Joan Tower write her first orchestral composition?
1981
What was the first orchestral work by a Black composer to be performed by a major American orchestra?
Afro–American Symphony
What was Grofe’s greatest musical achievement? (which piece)
the Grand Canyon Suite
When was the Grand Canyon Suite written?
1929–1931
Ferde Grofe regarded himself as a what?
composer of Americana”
Where was Grofe born?
New York
How old was Grofe when he and his family moved to the West Coast?
he was still an infant
How old was Grofe when he started performing professionally?
15 years old
What instruments did Grofe learn to play?
piano, violin, viola, and alto horn
When did Grofe join the LA Symphony Orchestra?
17 years old
What did Grofe play for the LASO? (LA Symphony Orchestra)
violin
How long did Grofe play with the LASO?
for about 10 years
Grofe would not be unknown today if he hadn’t joined which orchestra?
the Paul Whiteman Orchestra
When did Grofe join the Paul Whiteman Orchestra?
1920
What was Grofe’s role in the Paul Whiteman Orchestra?
he was an arranger
Who arranged Rhapsody in Blue?
Ferde Grofe
The popularity of Rhapsody in Blue moved which 3 people into the national spotlight?
Whiteman, Gershwin, and Grofe
What piece earned Grofe his lavish praise?
The Grand Canyon Suite
Who adapted Grofe’s Grand Canyon Suite for a 1958 short film?
Walt Disney
What award did the 1958 short film, which used Grofe’s Grand Canyon Suite, win?
an Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Live Action)
During WWI, Grofe volunteered to join a US cavalry band playing which instrument?
the baritone
What personal introduction did Grofe have to the Grand Canyon?
he spent hours there during his time in the military
How long had Native Americans resided in the area of the Grand Canyon?
13,000 years
When did Spanish conquistadors first visit the Grand Canyon’s South Rim?
1540
How many years earlier did explorers visit the Grand Canyon compared to Niagara Falls?
138 years earlier
How many years earlier did explorers visit the Grand Canyon compared to Yellowstone?
167 years earlier
How many years earlier did explorers visit the Grand Canyon compared to Yosemite Valley?
300 years earlier
When was the Grand Canyon taken by the government as a forest reserve?
1893
When was the Grand Canyon taken by the government as a game reserve?
1906
When was the Grand Canyon declared a national monument?
1906
When was the US National Park Service established?
1916
When was the Grand Canyon declared a national park?
1919
How many acres of land does the Grand Canyon National Park cover?
1.2 million acres
How many square miles of land does the Grand Canyon National Park cover?
over 1,900 square miles
How many miles of the Colorado River are included in the Grand Canyon National Park?
278 miles
How many people visited the Grand Canyon National Park in its first year of opening?
37,745
How many people visited the Grand Canyon National Park in 2022?
4.7 million
Who does Grofe credit in the Grand Canyon Suite?
Eddie King
Who was Eddie King?
a recording supervisor for Columbia Records, the inspiration for the “On the Trail” movement
When did the Grand Canyon Suite debut?
November 22, 1931
What was the initial name of the Grand Canyon Suite before they changed it to its current name?
Five Pictures of the Grand Canyon
What are the 5 movements in the Grand Canyon Suite?
- Sunrise
- Painted Desert
- On the Trail
- Sunset
- Cloudburst
What is an encore?
a repetition of a piece
The very first audience for the Grand Canyon Suite was so enthralled that they asked for what?
an encore
What are burros?
wild donkeys
On a Grand Canyon trail, what are people carried down by?
donkeys
Who initiated the practice of putting tourists visiting the Grand Canyon on mules?
John Hance
When did John Hance first start advertising about mule rides?
1887
What are mules the offspring of? (what animal species)
male donkeys and female horses
What is a concerto?
a piece with a solo instrument and an orchestra
During most concertos, there is a section where the orchestra stops playing and the soloist performs what?
a cadenza
What is a cadenza?
a passage without a steady beat
Who helped Grofe write the cadenza?
Kurt Dieterle, a violinist in the Whiteman orchestra
Who was the soloist in the Grand Canyon Suite?
Kurt Dieterle
When did Grofe record the Grand Canyon Suite?
April of 1932
Right before the hee–haw in On the Trail, what volume does the timpani play?
fortissimo
What does the harp play after the initial bray of the burro in On the Trail?
an arpeggio
What is a fermata?
a moment in the piece where a note is sustained for longer than its marked value
In On the Trail, how does the percussion mimic the sounds of hooves?
using coconut shells muffled with leather
The celesta is largely known today due to its use in which musical piece?
“Hedwig’s Theme” from the Harry Potter films
What occurs at time stamps 2:01 and 3:10 of On the Trail?
Accelerandos
What is motif is played at time stamps 1:29, 2:38, and 4:46?
the Burro motif
What two instruments play the burro motif at 2:38?
oboe and piccolo
Which instrument group plays The Cowboy Song at 3:55 in “On the Trail”?
trombones
How long did the Philip Morris Radio Show use On the Trail as its signature tune for?
20 years
What part of the Grand Canyon Suite uses programmatic thunderstorms? (which movement)
“Cloudburst”
Musical representations of tempests can be found as early as which era?
the Baroque era
When was the Baroque era?
1600 – 1730
When did Vivaldi publish his “Four Seasons”?
1725
Which instrument is the “Four Seasons” concerto for?”
it is a violin concerto, so it is for violin
What is the second concerto of The Four Seasons called?
“Summer”
How many concertos did Vivaldi write with the title La tempesta di mare”?”
2
What does Le quattro stagioni mean in English?
Four Seasons
In Summer” of The Four Seasons, which movement features a dramatic storm?”
the 3rd movement
What does “La tempesta di mare” mean in English?
The Storm at Sea
What are Baroque operas?
theatrical works where the dialogue is sung rather than spoken
Who wrote Alcione?
Marin Marais
When was Alcione made/released?
1706
Who wrote Hippolyte et Aricie?
Jean–Phillipe Rameau
When was Hippolyte et Aricie made/released?
1733
When did “stormy” aural depictions excel? (which time period)
the Romantic era
When was the Romantic era?
most of the 19th century
Beethoven was known for being one of the first composers to work _______________ rather than as an employee.
freelance
The majority of professional musicians in the earlier eras worked as what?
an employee
Who did Joseph Haydn spend most of his career working for?
the Esterhazys
Who were the Esterhazys?
a noble Hungarian family
What caused the aristocrats to want to keep Beethoven in Vienna?
his fruitful year in 1808
When was the first time the public heard Beethoven’s 4th, 5th, and 6th piano concertos with Beethoven as the pianist?
December 22, 1808
What is the name of Beethoven’s 6th concerto?
Pastoral”
What is featured in the 4th movement of Beethoven’s Pastoral”?”
a programmatic storm
The posterity of Beethoven’s 5th Symphony’s distinctive opening motif characterized it as what?
Fate knocking at the door”
How many movements are in Beethoven’s 6th Symphony?
5
What was the 1st movement for Beethoven’s 6th Symphony?
Awakening of Cheerful Feelings on Arrival in the Countryside”
What was the 2nd movement for Beethoven’s 6th Symphony?
Scene by the Brook”
What was the 3rd movement for Beethoven’s 6th Symphony?
Merry Gathering of Country Folk”
What was the 4th movement for Beethoven’s 6th Symphony?
Thunderstorm”
What was the 5th movement for Beethoven’s 6th Symphony?
Shepherd’s Song”
In the second movement of “Pastoral”, calls of which birds were imitated?
the quail, nightingale, and cuckoo
Why did Beethoven want no breaks in between movements for Pastoral”?”
because he wanted to contrast the brief pauses that usually occur during symphonic movements
The Pastoral Symphony is in what key?
key of F major
What is the first thing played in the Pastoral Symphony?
a sustained, pianissimo D–flat in the low strings
How do the low strings create a trembling” sensation on their D–flat?”
by moving the bow very rapidly
What key is the 4th movement of Pastoral expected to be in?
F–minor
How does the timpani contribute to the sound of thunderclaps?
it plays sforzandos
What are sforzandos?
sharply accented, loud notes
How many note ostinatos do the cellos play?
5–note ostinatos
How many note ostinatos does the double bass play?
4–note ostinatos
What is the highest–pitched member of the woodwind family?
the piccolo
When was the tuba patented?
1835
What was the lowest brass instrument when Pastoral was released?
the trombone
Which 3 instruments only play during the 4th movement of Pastoral?
the piccolo, trombone, and timpani
Grofe studied “Thunderstorm” for which movement of his Grand Canyon Suite?
“Cloudburst”, or the 5th movement”
Beethoven’s 6th Symphony was used to support what in the film Fantasia?
a mythological sequence
Who was the conductor for the film Fantasia?
Leopold Stokowski
When was the animated film Fantasia released?
1940
What classical piece was Fantasia originally going to use?
a work by Pierne
Who suggested the use of Beethoven’s Symphony for Fantasia?
one of the story directors, Dick Heumer
There would be no life on Earth without which key element?
oxygen
Where does most of the oxygen come from?
plants and ocean organisms, such as algae or bacteria
When do students usually learn about photosynthesis?
upper–elementary
What is photosynthesis?
a process where organisms absorb CO2 and water to create their food (glucose) and oxygen
What is flora?
the plant life of a region
What is fauna?
the animal life of a region
Where is Toru Takemitsu from?
Japan
Takemitsu represents an unusual blend of what characteristics?
Western and Asian characteristics
What did Takemitsu do when the Japanese government banned Western music?
he secretly listened to a French song
How did Takemitsu feel about the Japanese ban on Western music?
he felt extreme bitterness”
