V SPEEDS

Question 1

V1

Answer 1

V1 = Takeoff decision speed

Question 2

V2

Answer 2

V2 = Takeoff safety speed. Best climb gradient speed, best altitude increase per mile with the most critical engine inop. Twin engine aircraft with an engine inop are guaranteed a 2.4% climb gradient (24 ft UP per 1000 ft FORWARD). Min speed to be maintained to at least 400 ft AGL.

Question 3

Va

Answer 3

Va = Designed maneuvering speed. Highest safe airspeed for abrupt control deflection. Va decreases as weight decreases.

Question 4

Vap

Answer 4

Vap = Approach target speed, Vref + configuration and wind factor.

Question 5

Vc

Answer 5

Vc = Design cruising speed.

Question 6

Vfe

Answer 6

Vfe = Maximum Flap Extended Speed, Top of white arc, highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed position.

Question 7

Vle

Answer 7

Vle = Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed.

Question 8

Vlo

Answer 8

Vlo = Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed. Maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted.

Question 9

Vlof

Answer 9

Vlof = Lift Off Speed. Speed at which aircraft becomes airborne. Back pressure is applied at Vr and lift off actually happens at Vlof.

Question 10

Vmca

Answer 10

Vmca 0r Vmc = Minimum Control Speed with critical engine inoperative. Configured with critical engine inop and prop windmilling, 5 deg bank towards OPERATIVE Engine, take off power applied, gear up, flaps up, and most rearward cg allowed. Speed at which BELOW, full rudder will not prevent yaw toward dead engine.

Question 11

Vmo

Answer 11

Vmo = Maximum Operating Limit Speed, mainly a structural limitation.

Question 12

Vne

Answer 12

Vne = Velocity Never Exceed. Red Line, loads imposed at or above this speed will easily over stress the aircraft.

Question 13

Vno

Answer 13

Vno = Maximum Structural Cruising Speed, beginning of the yellow arc.

Question 14

Vr

Answer 14

Vr = ROTATE Speed. Recommended speed to start applying back pressure on the yoke, rotating the nose so that the aircraft lifts off the ground at Vlof.

Question 15

Vref

Answer 15

Vref = Calculated Reference Speed for final approach. Usually 1.3 times stall speed.

Question 16

Vs

Answer 16

Vs = Stall speed

Question 17

Vs1

Answer 17

Vs1 = Stall Speed or minimum steady flight speed in a specific configuration.

Question 18

Vso

Answer 18

Vso = Stall Speed in landing configuration.

Question 19

Vsse

Answer 19

Vsse = Minimum Safe Single Engine Speed for multi engine aircraft. Provides margin against unintentional stall when making intentional engine cuts for training.

Question 20

Vx

Answer 20

Vx = Best Angle of Climb Speed. Greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance.

Question 21

Vxse

Answer 21

Vxse = Best Single Engine Angle of Climb Speed.

Question 22

Vy

Answer 22

Vy = Best RATE of Climb Speed. Greatest gain in altitude in the shortest time. Lift to drag ratio is usually at maximum at this speed so can also be used as good ball park best glide speed or max endurance speed.

Question 23

Vyse

Answer 23

Vyse = Best Single Engine RATE of Climb Speed. Blue Line.

Question 24

White Arc

Answer 24

White Arc is Flaps Fully Extended operating range

Question 25

Green Arc

Answer 25

Green Arc is Normal Operating Range

Question 26

Yellow Arc

Answer 26

Yellow Arc is Caution Range. Starts at Vno and ends at red line Vne.

Question 27

Red Line

Answer 27

Red Line is Vne, Velocity Never Exceed

Question 28

Red & White Hash Line

Answer 28

Maximum Operating Speed, Vmo, Mmo. Self adjusting and changes with altitude and or air density.

Question 29

Blue Line

Answer 29

Blue Line = Multi-engine Vyse best rate of climb with one engine inoperative.

Question 30

Red Line - Multi Engine

Answer 30

Red Line - Multi Engine = Vmc, minimum controllable airspeed with the critical engine inop