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TOEFL Class > V&G > Flashcards

V&G Flashcards

1
Q

Abandon (v)

A

Leave, desert(v), forsake

  • The cruel son abandoned his mom, she’s alone now.
  • The house was abandoned and is empty.
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2
Q

Abundant (adj)

A

More than enough, plentiful, ample

فراوان، بسيار

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3
Q

Acclaim (v)

A

Admire, praise, commend, applaud /əˈploːd/

تحسين كردن

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4
Q

Ambiguous (adj)

A

Vague, not clear, equivocal /ɪ’kwɪvəkl/

‏مبهم، دو پهلو

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5
Q

Articulate (adj)

A

Eloquent, clear, expressive

گويا، رسا، فصيح

  • The boy could not talk very well, his words were not articulate enough.
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6
Q

Champion (n,v)

A

Hero, advocate, to support in a strong way

قهرمان، ‏دفاع كردن، حمايت كردن

  • The old man was going to represent his office. He championed their ideas.
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7
Q

Consolidate (v)

A

Make something strong, strengthen, fortify

مستحكم كردن

  • The house was old and about to collapse. It needed to be consolidate.
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8
Q

Exhaustive (adj)

A

Comprehensive

جامع، كامل

  • You can find exhaustive examples in the book, no other books are needed.
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9
Q

Exaggerate (v)

A

To mention something while making it grander, aggrandize, amplify, overstate

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10
Q

Formidable (adj)

A

Intimidating(هراس انگيز), demanding(سخت), arduous /ˈärjo͞oəs/

مهيب، ترسناك، دشوار

  • The boxer was afraid. His opponent was a formidable.
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11
Q

Illuminate (v)

A

Use light to make visible a dark places, make something clear, clarify, elucidate

  • The room was dark. Then a lamp illuminated it.
  • The question was made easy when illuminated by the teacher.
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12
Q

Insinuate (v)

A

Indirectly say something, imply, indicate

اشاره كردن، به طور ضمنى فهماندن

  • I could not understand answer. It was not direct and was insinuated.
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13
Q

Intrusive (adj)

A

An action that is intruding, affecting someone’s private life or interrupting them in an unwanted and annoying way, nosy, meddlesome

مزاحم،مخل،مداخله‌آمیز

  • My father does not tolerate intrusive behavior. He doesn’t like people who invade someone’s privacy.
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14
Q

Prevailing (adj)

A

Winning, ahead, pioneering, widespread, dominant

رايج، متدامل، غالب

  • My brother was happy at the end of the competition, since he was a fan of the prevailing team.
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15
Q

Prudent (adj) /ˈpruːdənt/

n

A

Thoughtful about future, sagacious /səˈgeiʃəs/, discreet, sensible

محتاط

  • The prudent father thought about his children future.

Prudence (احتياط)

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16
Q

Resist (v)

n
adj

A

Tolerate, bear, withstand, militate

مقاومت کردن، خودداری کردن، تاب آوردن، ایستادگی کردن

  • The army attacked the people but they resisted.

Resistance (مقاومت، ايستادگى)
Resistant (مقاوم، پايدار)

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17
Q

Saturate (v) /ˈsӕtʃəreit/

A

Soak, drench, fill

خيس كردن، اشباع كردن

  • The clothes were saturated with water.
  • Saturate the market (اشباع بازار)
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18
Q

Skeptical of/about (adj)

n

A

Dubious /ˈdjuːbiəs/, full of doubt, accepting something in a difficult way

دير باور

  • He does not trust people easily. He is skeptical.

Skeptic (شكاك)

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19
Q

Sophisticated (adj)

A

Complicated, not easy, complex

مصنوعى، در سطح بالا، غير طبيعى، مشكل و پيچيده

  • sophisticated author (نويسنده فرهيخته)
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20
Q

Successive (adj)

v

A

Respective, sequential, consecutive

پى در پى، متوالى

  • Study the book successively.

Succeed (موفق شدن، جايگزين شدن)

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21
Q

Abrupt (adj)

adv

A

Sudden, unexpected, short and rude

  • An abrupt change
  • An abrupt answer

Abruptly (ناگهان)

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22
Q

Bizarre (adj) /biˈzaː/

adv

A

Strange, weird, odd, peculiar /pəˈkyo͞olyər/, outlandish

Bizarrely

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23
Q

Coincide (v)

n

A

Happen at the same time, concur, coexist

Coincidence (تصادف، توافق، انطباق)

  • His entry to the party coincide with his marriage.
  • what a coincidence.
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24
Q

Commence (v) tr,int

… + v + ing
N

A

Start, initiate

  • Work will commence on the new building immediately.
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25
Q

Disinterested (adj)

A

Unbiased, impartial, neutral

بى غرض، بى طرف

  • Disinterested judgment/advice/observer
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26
Q

Distort (v)

n

A

Misstate, misrepresent

تحريف كردن، ناهموار كردن، از شكل طبيعى انداختن

Distort the truth/idea/the reality/statement(بيانيه، اعلاميه)

Distortion (تحريف)

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27
Q

Elaborate (adj)

v …
n

A

Complex, intricate /ˈintrikət / (having a lot of details/parts)

  • Elaborate dress/system/design
Elaborate on (با دقت/جزئيات شرح دادن)
Elaboration (جزئيات، پيچيدگى)
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28
Q

Engender (v)

A

To be a cause of a situation or feeling, create, generate, give rise to

به وجود آوردن، موجب شدن، سبب شدن

  • The changes in society engendered by the war.
  • relationships that engender trust in children.
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29
Q

Fragile (adj)

n

A

Breakable, brittle, delicate

شكننده، ترد، ضعيف

  • fragile bones/dishes/economy

Fragility (تردى، شكنندگى)

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30
Q

Intensify (v) tr,int

n
adj1
adj2

A

Heighten /’haɪtn/, escalate /ˈeskəleit/, strengthen

تشدید کردن، سخت کردن، شدید شدن

Intensification (تشديد، افزايش)
Intense (سخت، قوى، شديد، مشتاقانه)
Intensive (شديد، تند، متمركز)

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31
Q

Lucrative (adj)

A

Profitable, rewarding

پر درآمد، سودآور

  • Lucrative job/business/contract
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32
Q

Massive (adj)

adv

A

Huge, enormous, immense /ɪ’mens/, giant, gigantic

Massively (به شدت)

  • On a massive scale
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33
Q

Obsolete (adj)

Become obsolete

A

Outdated, outmoded

منسوخ

  • Obsolete weapons/words
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34
Q

Plague (v) /pleig/

n

A

Annoy repeatedly, torment, harass /həˈras/

آزار رساندن، به ستوه آوردن

  • He was plagued by eye troubles.

Plague (طاعون)

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35
Q

Presumably (adv)

n
v

A

Probably, apparently (ظاهراً)

احتمالاً

  • he hasn’t eaten all day and he is presumably hungry.

Presumption (فرضيه، احتمال)
Presume (فرض كردن، عقيده داشتن) = suppose, assume /əˈsjuːm/

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36
Q

Secluded (adj) /siˈkluːdid/

n
v

A

Remote, isolated, private

بكر، دنج

  • A secluded spot/beach/forest

Seclusion (انزوا)
Seclude (جدا كردن) = separate

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37
Q

Shortcoming (n)

Shortcoming of something

A

Fault, flaw /flɔː/, defect, deficit

قصور، كمبود، كاستى

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38
Q

Suppress (v) /səˈpres/

n

A

Repress, subdue
Prevent and stop

سركوب كردن، متوقف كردن، مانع شدن

Suppression /sə’preʃn/ (جلوگيرى، توقيف، سركوب)

  • Suppress people/demonstration /demən’streɪʃn/ تظاهرات/feelings
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39
Q

Surmount (v) /sɜr’maʊnt/

A

Overcome, conquer /ˈkoŋkə/

برطرف كردن، فائق آمدن، از ميان برداشتن

  • Surmount a problem/difficulty/barrier /ˈbӕriə/ (مانع)
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40
Q

Susceptible (adj) /səˈseptəbəl/

Susceptible to

n

A

Prone, vulnerable

حساس، مستعد چيزى بودن

Susceptibility (حساسيت)

  • Older people are more susceptible to infections.
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41
Q

Aggravate (v)

n

A

Worsen, exacerbate

بدتر كردن، اضافه كردن

Aggravation (تشديد)

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42
Q

Catastrophic (adj)

n

A

Disastrous

فاجعه انگیز، مصیبت بار

Catastrophy (فاجعه) = disaster, calamity

  • Catastrophic effects/consequences
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43
Q

Confirm (v)

n

A

Approve, verify, corroborate /kəˈräbəˌrāt/

تأييد كردن

Confirmation (تأييد)

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44
Q

Corrode (v) /kə’rəʊd/

n

A

Ruin, destroy, erode, spoil

خورده شدن، زنگ زدن، پوسيدن

Corrosion /kəˈrōZHən/ (خوردگى)

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45
Q

Erode (v)

n

A

فرسوده شدن، ساييدن، خورده شدن

Erosion (فرسايش)

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46
Q

Derive (v)

A

Obtain, attain, extract

مشتق شدن، نتيجه گرفتن، كسب كردن

  • Derive sth from sth/pleasure/prestige/benefit/information
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47
Q

Diminish (v) tr,int

n

A

Decrease,reduce,lessen, curtail /kərˈtāl/

كم شدن، كاستن، خرد كردن، ضعيف كردن

Diminution (كاهش، تقليل)

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48
Q

Famine (n)

A

Hunger, starvation

قحطى، گرسنگى

  • A million people are facing famine.
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49
Q

Flourish (v)

A

Grow, prosper, burgeon /’bɜːdʒən/, thrive /θraiv/

شكوفا شدن، رشد كردن

  • Most plants will flourish in the rich deep soils here.
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50
Q

Mitigate (v)

n

A

Pacify, relieve, alleviate

تخفيف دادن، تسكين دادن، سبك كردن

Mitigation (تخفيف، كاهش)

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51
Q

Penchant (n)

A

Tendency, inclination, predilection

ميل، علاقه، ذوق

  • Have a penchant for something
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52
Q

Predatory (adj)

n
~=

A

Wolfish, exploitative

درنده

  • Predatory animals/websites/company

Predator (شكارچى)
Prey (شكار، طعمه)

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53
Q

Refute (v)

A

Reject, repudiate, decline

رد كردن، تكذيب كردن

  • Refute a claim/a theory/an argument
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54
Q

Relic (n) /’relɪk/

Relic of something

A

Remnant, vestige /’vestɪdʒ/, an old object or custom that reminds people of the past or that has lived on from past time

اثر، عتيقه، يادگار، بقايا

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55
Q

Scrutinize (v)

n

A

Inspect, examine /ɪg’zæmɪn/, investigate

بررسى خيلى دقيق كردن، موشكافى كردن

Scrutiny /ˈskruːtəni/ (تحقيق، بررسى، موشكافى)

  • Scrutinize something carefully/closely
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56
Q

Shortage (n) of

A

Dearth /dɜːrθ/, Paucity

كمبود، كسرى

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57
Q

Solemn (adj)

A

Serious, sad, sombre, very serious and not happy

جدي و با ابهت، موقر، رسمى

  • A solemn expression/face/music/voice/promise
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58
Q

Spurious (adj) /’spjʊrɪəs/

A

Fake, counterfeit

جعلى، قلابى

  • Spurious documents/statements
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59
Q

Subside (v) int

A

Abate /əˈbeit/, dwindle

نشست كردن، فروكش كردن

  • The pains in his head had subsided, but still felt dizzy and sick.
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60
Q

Superfluous (adj) /suː’pɜrflʊəs/

n

A

Extra, redundant, unneeded

زيادى، زائد

Superfluity (افراط، زيادى) /suːpə(r)’flʊətɪ/

  • A superfluity of stuff
  • Superfluous detail
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61
Q

Transient (adj) /’træʃnt /-nzɪənt/

A

Temporary, ephemeral /əˈfem(ə)rəl/

ناپايدار، كوتاه، زودگذر، موقتى

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62
Q

Anomaly (n) /əˈnɒməli/

anomaly in sth

A

Aberration, abnormality

خلاف قاعده، ناهنجارى، غيرمتعارف

  • In those days, a woman professor was still an anomaly.
  • Various anomalies in the tax system
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63
Q

Apex (n)

A

Climax, peak, summit, pinnacle /ˈpinəkl/, zenith /ˈzeniθ/

اوج، نوك، بالاترين نقطه، قله

  • The apex of mountain/game/career
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64
Q

Consequence (n)

A

Outcome, repercussion /ˌriːpərˈkʌʃən/

نتیجه، عاقبت، نتیجه منطقی، پى آمد، اثر

  • Catastrophic/tragic/adverse/grave/immediate consequences
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65
Q

Deception (n) /diˈsepʃən/

v
adj

A

Fraud, duplicity /duːˈplɪsəti/

فريب، نيرنگ

Deceive (فريب دادن)
Deceitful (فريبكار، مكار)

  • Obtain something by deception
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66
Q

Detractor (n)

v

A

Opponent, adversary

بدگو، منتقد بى انصاف

Detract (to make sth seem bad, كم كردن، كاستن)

67
Q

Discrete (adj)

A

Separate, distinct

مجزا

  • Discrete category/unit/identity
68
Q

Desolate (adj) /ˈdesələt/

n

A

Sad and lonely
Isolated, deserted /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/, empty

متروك، ويران/تنها، بى كس

Desolation (دلتنگى، بدبختى، پريشانى)

69
Q

Eligible (adj) /ˈelidʒəbl/

Eligible for something
Eligible to do something

A

Qualified, entitled

مناسب، شايسته، واجد شرايط بودن

  • Over 500,000 18-year-olds will become eligible to vote this year.
70
Q

Far-fetched (adj) /fetʃ/

A

Implausible, unrealistic

دور از دسترس، بعيد

  • At the time, his ideas were considered far-fetched.
71
Q

Headway (n)

A

Progress, breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ (پیشرفت غیرمنتظره)

پيشرفت، پيشروى

Make headway in something = make a progress in something

72
Q

Humiliate (v)

n

A

Belittle /biˈlitl/, denigrate

تحقير كردن

Humiliation (تحقير، احساس حقارت)

  • Her boss humiliated her in front of all her colleagues.
73
Q

Indolent (adj) /ˈindələnt/

n

A

Slothful, lazy, idle

تنبل، سست

Indolence (سستى، تنبلى)

74
Q

Loathsome (adj) /ˈloʊθsəm/

adj

To be reluctant/unwilling to do something

A

Detestable, disgusting, repulsive

منزجر كننده، نفرت انگيز

Loath (بيزار) /ləʊθ/

  • A loathsome person/crime/activity/movie
75
Q

Longevity (n) /lonˈdʒevəti/

Longevity of

A

Length of life, long life, durability

طول عمر

76
Q

Retreat (v)

Retreat from something

~=
~=

A

Withdraw, pullback

عقب نشينى كردن، كناره گيرى كردن

Advance (پیش رفتن)
Deposit (سپرده گذارى كردن، قرار دادن)

  • Retreat from the city/your promise/plans/ideas/dreams
77
Q

Savvy (adj,n)

Have savvy

Political savvy
Business savvy

A

Shrewd /ʃruːd/, astute

زرنگ، دانا، خبره، ادراك

  • He’s obviously got a lot of political savvy.
  • You knew he was smart about cars; he was savvy about life too.
  • A savvy person/student

شم سياسى
شم اقتصادى

78
Q

Surge (n) in
Surge (v) int

~=

A

Boost, increase, increment,a sudden increase in amount or number, a sudden movement of a lot of people
To suddenly move very quickly in a particular direction

موج، موج زدن، ناگهان زياد شدن

  • A surge in food costs.
  • A wave surged up towards them.

Plunge, drop

79
Q

Life expectation

A

اميد به زندگى

80
Q

Tangible (adj)

A

Clear and real , perceptible, palpable /ˈpalpəbəl/

ملموس، غير مجازى

  • Tangible evidence/benefits
81
Q

Thaw (v,n) tr,int

A

Melt, unfreeze
Become friendly

آب شدن، گرم شدن، سردى رابطه را برطرف كردن

82
Q

Violation (n)

v

A

Infringement /ɪn’frɪndʒmənt/, breach /briːtʃ/

نقض، تجاوز، تعدى

Violate (نقض كردن، تجاوز كردن) = break

83
Q

Capacious (adj)

A

Spacious, commodious /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

جادار، وسیع

  • A capacious suitcase
84
Q

Contradictory (adj)

n
v

A

Conflicting, inconsistent

مغایر، مخالف، متناقض

Contradiction (تناقض) between
Contradict (نقض كردن) sb/sth

85
Q

Depict (v)

Depict sb/sth as
Depict sb/sth

n

A

Portray, show, delineate, illustrate

نمایش دادن، مجسم کردن، شرح دادن، به تصوير كشيدن

Depictions (نمایش، ترسیم، نگارش)

86
Q

Deplete (v) tr

n

A

Exhaust, drain, reduce

تهی کردن، خالی کردن، به ته رسانیدن، تحليل بردن، فرسودن

Depletion (تقلیل، تخلیه، نقصان، تهی سازی)

  • The depletion of the ozone layer
  • Salmon populations have been severely depleted.
87
Q
  • Detract (v) from
A

Devalue, trivialize /ˈtrɪviəlaɪz/

کاستن، کم کردن، گرفتن، کسر کردن، کاهیدن، كم جلوه دادن/كردن

  • Detract from sb‘s/sth’s beauty/value/achievement/joy
  • I think this is a very convenient sort of way to detract attention from much more serious problems.
88
Q

Subtract (v)

A

کاستن، کم کردن، تفریق کردن، منها کردن، تفریق شدن

  • If you subtract 30 from 45, you get 15.
89
Q
  • Distinguish (v)

adj
adj

Distinguish between A and B
Distinguish A from B

A

Differentiate, discriminate (تبعیض قائل شدن)

Distinguished (مشخص، متمايز)
Distinguishing (متمايز كننده)

90
Q

Fluctuate (v) int

n

A

Oscillate, change

نوسان داشتن، نوسان کردن، ثابت نبودن

Fluctuation (نوسان، تغيير، بي ثباتى)

91
Q

Germinate (v) int

n

A

Grow, sprout /spraʊt/

جوانه زدن، سبز شدن، شروع به رشد کردن

Germination (جوانه زنی، رویش)

  • Sth germinated in my mind/head
92
Q

Inaugurate (v) /ɪˈnɒːɡjəreɪt/

A

Initiate, launch

افتتاح كردن، شروع (به كار) كردن

  • inaugurate one’s presidency
  • inaugurate sb as sth
93
Q

Intermittent (adj)

adv

A

Occasional, periodic, on and off

متناوب

  • Intermittent rain/noise

Intermittently (بطور متناوب، بنوبت)

94
Q

Mutually exclusive

A

دو به دو ناسازگار

Contradictory

95
Q

Retain (v)

A

Maintain, keep, preserve

نگاه داشتن، حفظ کردن

96
Q

Relinquish (v) sth to sb

A

Give, submit, give up, renounce /rɪ’naʊns/

ترک کردن، ول کردن، دست کشیدن (از)، رهاکردن، صرف نظرکردن، واگذار کردن

  • relinquish control/power/claim
97
Q

Scanty (adj) /’skæntɪ/

Scanty amount of sth

A

Meager /ˈmiːɡər/, insufficient, scarce, scant

ناکافی، ناچيز، كم، اندک

Scanty information/evidence/clothing

98
Q

Spontaneous (adj)

adv

A

Impromptu (فی البداهه) /imˈpromptjuː/, extemporaneous (فی البداهه، بی آمادگی) /ɪkˌstempəˈreɪniəs/

خود بخود، بی اختیار، خودجوش

Spontaneously (خود به خود)

  • spontaneous demonstration/speech/applause /ə’plɔːz/ (تحسين، تشويق، تمجيد)
99
Q

Stimulate (v)

Stimulate sb to do sth

n

A

Motivate, encourage,provoke, arouse /əˈraʊz/, galvanize /ˈgӕlvənaiz/

بر انگیختن، تحریک کردن، انگیختن، تهییج کردن، تشويق كردن

Stimulation (تحریک، انگیزش، برانگیختن)

  • Her interest in art was stimulated by her father.
100
Q

Surpass (v)

A

Excel, exceed, outstrip

پيشى گرفتن، جلو زدن

  • Surpass one’s expectations (فراتر از حد انتظار كسى ظاهر شدن)
101
Q

Tenacious (adj) /təˈneɪʃəs/

n

A

Persistent, determined

سفت، محکم، سر سخت، استوار، مستحکم، مصمم، با اراده

  • A tenacious negotiator/politician

Tenacity (سختی، سفتی، سر سختی، اصرار)

102
Q

Underestimate (v)

A

Underrate, understate

ناچیز پنداشتن، دست کم گرفتن

  • Underestimate one’s/sth importance/value/power
103
Q

Undermine (v)

~=

A

Weaken, sap

سست کردن، آسیب رساندن، صدمه زدن، تحليل بردن

Consolidate (مستحکم کردن، پابرجا کردن یا شدن، تقویت کردن یا شدن)

Undermine one’s chances/ability/health/confidence

104
Q

Unprecedented (adj)

A

Unparalleled /ʌnˈpærəleld/, exceptional

بى سابقه

  • Unprecedented event/step/negotiations
105
Q

Abstruse (adj) /əbˈstruːs, æb-/

A

Obscure /əbˈskjʊr/, recondite, ponderous

مشكل، پيچيده، سخت آموز، دشوار، بيخودى سخت

106
Q

Casualty (n)

A

death,fatality /fəˈtæləti/

کشته یا زخمی، تلفات

  • Heavy/light/high casualties
  • The number of casualties
107
Q

Condense (v)

Condense sth to/into …

n

A

Compress
Summarize, abridge /ə’brɪdʒ/

متراکم کردن، منقبض کردن، مختصر و مفیدکردن، چگالیدن

  • This whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs.
  • The gaseous metal is cooled and condenses into liquid zinc.

Condensation (خلاصه، تراكم، چگالش)

108
Q

Deficient (adj)

n

A

Insufficient, inadequate

دارای کمبود، ناقص، معیوب، ناکامل

  • Iron/vitamin deficient
  • Be deficient in sth

Deficiency (كمبود، نقص، كاستى)

109
Q

Expertise (n) /ˌekspɜrːˈtiːz/

Expertise in sth

A

Mastery, skill

تخصص، خبرگى، کاردانی، کارشناسی، مهارت

  • Expertise in the management of hotels
  • An area of expertise
  • a wide range of expertise
110
Q

Hamper (v)

A

Hinder, impede /imˈpiːd/

دشوار كردن، با مشكل رو به رو كردن، مانع شدن، از کار بازداشتن

  • She tried to run, but was hampered by her heavy suitcase.
111
Q

Interplay (n)

Interplay of/between sth

A

Mutual influence, reciprocation /rɪ‚sɪprə’keɪʃn/, interaction

تأثير متقابل، فعل و انفعال، اثر متقابل

  • the interplay of ideas
  • the interplay between military and civilian populations
112
Q

Mainstay (n)

The mainstay of

A

Pillar /ˈpilər/ (ستون), backbone

نقطه اتکاء، تکیه گاه اصلی، وابستگی عمده، نگه دار اصلی، حامی اصلی

  • Tourism has long been the economic mainstay of Kashmir.
113
Q

Meticulous (adj) /məˈtɪkjələs/

adv

A

Fastidious /fæˈstɪdiəs/, scrupulous /ˈskruːpjələs/, painstaking

باریک بین، خیلی دقیق، وسواسی، موشکاف، دقیق و پایبند جزئیات

Meticulously (با دقت زیاد)

  • He has always been so meticulous about his appearance.
  • Meticulous care/work/research/person
114
Q

Compromise (n)

v

A

Agreement,settlement

مصالحه، كوتاه آمدن، توافق، سازش، مدارا

  • make/reach a compromise
  • The two sides negotiated for several days before reaching a compromise.

Compromise (مصالحه کردن، سازش کردن)

115
Q

Obliterate (v) /əˈblɪtəreɪt/

A

Destroy,exterminate, annihilate /əˈnaɪəleɪt/, eradicate (ريشه كن كردن)

محو کردن، زدودن، نابود كردن، ناپدید ساختن

  • Nothing could obliterate the memory of those tragic events.
  • obliterate one’s memories/feeling
116
Q

Potent (adj)

A

Powerful, influential

غنى، قوی، پر زور، نیرومند، مؤثر

A potent drug/weapon/force/source

117
Q

Preposterous (adj) /prɪˈpɑːstərəs/

Preposterous to

A

Ridiculous, absurd, foolish, inane /ɪ’neɪn/

مضحک، نامعقول، مهمل، چرند، احمقانه

  • The whole idea sounds absolutely preposterous!
118
Q

Pristine (adj) /’prɪstɪːn/

A

Original, pure, intact (بی کم و کاست، دست نخورده), clean, fresh

تر و تازه، اولی، طبیعی و دست نخورده، نو

  • A pristine shirt/snow/forest
  • in pristine condition (شرايط خيلى خوب)
  • The used car had hardly any mileage on it and was in pristine condition.
119
Q

Prohibit (v)

Prohibit sb from doing sth

n

A

Ban, forbid,boycott (تحريم كردن), proscribe (بازداشتن از)

ممنوع ساختن، منع کردن، تحریم کردن، اجازه ندادن، ممانعت کردن

Prohibition (ممنوعيت، تحريم) on sth

  • They are prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.
120
Q

Ratify (v)

n

A

Approve, verify, endorse (officially)

تصویب کردن، رسمیت دادن، قانونی کردن

Ratification (تصدیق، قبول، تصویب)

121
Q

Repudiate (v) /rɪˈpjuːdieɪt/

A

Reject, refuse,refute, gainsay, rebut

انکار کردن، منکر شدن، رد کردن

  • repudiate a statement/claim
122
Q

Rudimentary (adj) /ˌruːdəˈmentəri/

A

Basic, elementary, primitive /’prɪmɪtɪv/

ابتدایی، بدوی، اولیه، اصولی، بنیادی، پایه ای

Rudimentary knowledge/equipment

123
Q
  • Sustainable (adj)

v

A

Practical, viable /’vaɪəbl/
able to continue without causing damage to the environment
able to continue for a long time

قابل تحمل، تاب آوردنی

Sustainable use/agriculture/economy/development

Sustain (تاب آوردن، نگه داشتن) = maintain, keep

124
Q

Transmute (v) tr,int

Transmute sth into sth

A

Transform, convert

تبدیل کردن، تغییر شکل دادن

125
Q

Avarice (n) /ˈævərɪs/

adj

A

Greed, insatiability /ɪn‚seɪʃə’bɪlətɪ/ (سیری نا پذیری)

آز، طمع، حرص

Avaricious /‚ævə’rɪʃəs/ (آزمند، حريص، خصيص)

126
Q
  • Camouflage (v,n) tr /ˈkæməflɑːʒ/
A

Conceal,hide, disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

پوشش، استتار، پنهان کردن وسایل جنگی، مخفی کردن، پوشاندن، استتار كردن

127
Q

Candor (n) /ˈkændər/

adj

A

Honesty, rectitude, veracity /və’ræsətɪ/

خلوص، رک گویی، صفا، صداقت، صميميت

Candid (رک، صميمى، صادق)

128
Q

Collude (v) /kəˈluːd/

collude … sb

A

Plot, conspire /kənˈspaɪr/

سازش کردن، تبانی کردن، توطئه کردن

  • Several customs officials have been accused of colluding with drug traffickers.

Collude with sb

129
Q

Despondent (adj) /dɪˈspɑːndənt/

Despondent … sth

A

Sad, hopeless, disappointed, dejected

دلمرده، اندوهگین، نومید و مرعوب، افسرده، نااميد

  • Gill had been out of work for a year and was getting very despondent.

Despondent about sth

130
Q
  • Detrimental (adj)
A

Injurious /ɪnˈdʒʊriəs/, harmful, pernicious /pərˈnɪʃəs/

دردناک، مضر، زیان آور، خسارت آور

  • Detrimental effect
131
Q

Incongruous (adj) /ɪnˈkɑːŋɡruəs/

Incongruous …

A

Inappropriate,improper, incompatible

ناهمخوان، ناهماهنگ، ناسازگار، نامناسب

  • The new theatre looks utterly incongruous in its setting.

Incongruous with

132
Q

Mollify (v) /ˈmɑːlɪfaɪ/

n

A

Pacify, calm, appease /əˈpiːz/

آرام کردن، دلجويى كردن، تسکین دادن، فرو نشاندن

Mollification (تسكين، دلجويى)

133
Q

Panacea (n)

Panacea … sth

A

Cure-all

نوش دارو، علاج عام، داروی همه ی دردها، حلال مسائل

Panacea for sth

134
Q

Precede (v)

adj

~=

A

Predate, preface

Preceding (ماقبل، سابق) =previous ~= next, following

Follow

135
Q

Surrender (n,v) /səˈrendər/

Surrender …

A

Give in, capitulate

واگذاری، تسلیم، صرف نظر، تحویل دادن، رها کردن، تسلیم شدن/كردن، واگذار کردن

  • He immediately surrendered himself to the authorities.

Surrender to

136
Q

Deprive (v) +of

n
adj

A

Strip, divest

محروم کردن، بی بهره کردن

  • Deprive sb of sth
  • Be deprived of sth
  • A lot of these children have been deprived of a normal home life.

Deprivation (محرومیت)
Deprived (محروم)

137
Q

Dormant (adj)

n

A

Inactive, potential, latent /ˈleɪtənt/

ساکت، خوابیده، غیرفعال

  • Dormant volcano/talent

Dormancy (رکود)

138
Q

Equilibrium (n)

A

Balance, symmetry

تعادل، ثبات

  • Mental/spiritual (روحى، فكرى)/economic equilibrium
139
Q

Flaw (n) +in

A

Fault, defect, deficiency, shortcoming

عیب، رخنه، شکاف، درز

  • A slight flaw in the glass
140
Q

Indigenous (adj) /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/

A

Local,native

بومی، ذاتی، طبیعی، فطری

  • Indigenous people/plants/language
141
Q

Lethal (adj) /ˈliːθəl/ +to

A

Fatal,mortal, deadly

مهلک، مرگ آور، مرگبار، كشنده

  • These chemicals are lethal to fish.
142
Q

Perish (v)

Non-perishable

A

Die, pass away

نابود کردن، مردن، تلف شدن، هلاک شدن

  • Hundreds perished when the ship went down.

فاسد نشدنى

143
Q

Proliferation (n) /prə‚lɪfə’reɪʃn/

A

Propagation /ˈprɑːpəɡeɪt/, multiplication, surge

تکثیر، ازدیاد

Proliferate (تكثير شدن، زياد شدن) int
Prolific (بغرور، حاصلخيز)

144
Q

Triumph (n,v) /ˈtraɪəmf/

Triumph …/…

A

Victory, success, conquest (پیروزی)

پیروزی، فتح، غالب شدن، پیروز شدن

  • The triumph over hardship
  • A diplomatic/military/personal/major triumph

Triumph over/against

145
Q

Accord (v,n) /əˈkɔːrd/

In accord(n) with
Accord(v) with sth
A

Agreement, match

هماهنگ كردن، به هم آمدن، اصلاح کردن، توافق، پیمان، سازش، مطابق کردن، سازگار بودن

  • These results are in accord with earlier research.
  • You will not be accorded any special treatment.
146
Q

Adept (adj) at doing sth /əˈdept/

A

Skillful, adroit, dexterous

استاد، ماهر، زبر دست

  • Adept liar/performer
147
Q

Compulsory (adj)

n

A

Mandatory, obligatory

اجبارى

Compulsion (اجبار، فشار)

  • Car insurance is compulsory.
148
Q

Encompass (v) +of

A

Include, incorporate /ɪn’kɔrpəreɪt/

محاصره کردن، احاطه کردن، دور گرفتن، شامل بودن، دارا بودن، در بر گرفتن

  • The houses encompassed about 100 square metres.
149
Q

Frigid (adj)

A

Very cold, arctic, frosty (یخ زده)
Unfriendly

خنک، منجمد، بسیار سرد، دارای اندکی تمایل جنسی

150
Q

Overestimate (v)

A

Overrate, overstate, magnify

غلو کردن، دست بالا گرفتن، زیاد برآورد کردن

151
Q

Recur (v)

adj

A

Reoccur, reappear

دوباره رخ دادن، تکرار شدن، باز رخدادن

  • symptoms/problem recur
  • There is a danger that the disease may recur.
  • Love is a recurring theme in the book.

Recurring (مكرر) —> recurring dream/theme /θiːm/
Recurred (تكرارى)

152
Q

Ritual (n)

adj

A

Rite, ceremony, habit

تشریفات، وابسته به رسوم و تشریفات، مراسم

  • the daily ritual of mealtimes
  • perform a ritual

Ritualistic (تشريفاتى، آيينى)

153
Q

Solitude (n) /ˈsɑːlɪtuːd/

adj

A

Loneliness

تنهایی، خلوت

  • To be in solitude
  • Seek (طلب كردن)/enjoy/prefer solitude

Solitary(تنها، منزوى)

154
Q

Trigger (v)

A

Cause, ignite, give rise to

ماشه کشیدن، راه انداختن، موجب شدن، ماشه

  • trigger sth
  • Certain forms of mental illness can be triggered by food allergies.
155
Q

Alliance (n) /əˈlaɪəns/

v,n

A

Coalition /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən/, union

اتحاد، پیوستگی، معاهده، پیمان بین دول، همبستگی، ائتلاف

Ally (متحد شدن، متحد)

  • Britain’s military alliance with her NATO partners
  • form an alliance with
  • in alliance with/against
156
Q

Animosity (n) /ˌænəˈmɑːsəti/

A

Dislike, hatred, hostility

دشمنى، خصومت، ستيز،كينه

  • feel animosity towards
  • animosity between
  • There is no personal animosity between the party leaders.
  • She felt a certain amount of animosity towards him.
157
Q

Bulky (adj)

n

A

Too large, enormous

بزرگ، گنده، حجیم

Bulk (حجم، توده، اكثريت) = majority

  • The bulk of people (توده ى مردم)
158
Q

Constitute (v)

n

A

Form, compose, comprise, make up
Establish

تشکیل دادن، تاسیس کردن

Constitution (قانون اساسى، تشكيل، تأسيس)

159
Q

Ingenious (adj) /ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/

n

A

Clever, innovative, creative

با هوش، دارای قوه ابتکار، نابغه

  • an ingenious method/way/approach

Ingenuity (نبوغ، استعداد، هوش)

160
Q

Insulate (v) /ˈɪnsəleɪt/

n

A

Protect, shield

عايق كردن، جدا کردن، مجزا کردن

  • insulation sth against/from
  • Pipes may need insulating against the cold.

Insulation (عايق بندى)

161
Q

Perplex (v)

adj1
Adj2

A

Confuse, bewilder, baffle, puzzle

گیج کردن، سردرگم کردن، بهت زده کردن

Perplexed (گيج شده)
Perplexing (گيج كننده)

162
Q

Surmise (v) +that

A

Guess, speculate, assume, conjunction,postulate, presume

حدس، گمان، حدس زدن، گمان بردن

  • When she came in, he didn’t look up, so she surmised that he was in a bad mood.
163
Q

Veracity (n) +of /vəˈræsəti/

A

Candor, honesty, truthfulness

صحت، صداقت، راستی، راستگویی

  • Has anyone checked the veracity of these allegations (اتهامات)?
164
Q

Waver (v)

+ in doing sth
+between

A

Vacillate, doubt, hesitate

نوسان کردن، دو دل بودن، متزلزل شدن، مردد شدن

  • Harris never wavered in his loyalty.
  • The party wavered between free trade and protectionism.

TOEFL Class (6 decks)

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