Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

New Bits > V. Difficult TOB > Flashcards

V. Difficult TOB Flashcards

1
Q

Name a place where stratified columnar epithelium can be found

A

Male urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define cilia

A

Specialised projections of the plasma membrane that contain a core of microtubules. They can beat in a synchronised fashion to propel material across the cell surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a septum?

A

A dividing wall or membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the kidney, what stains darker: the medulla or cortex?

A

Cortex stains darker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the submucosa of the oesophagus

A

Dense, fibroelastic connective tissue containing glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What shape are the cells of the basal layer?

A

Cuboidal/columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What shape are the cells of the prickle cell layer?

A

Irregular, polyhedrals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up a pilosebaceous unit?

A

Hair follicle and sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the tiny prickles called around cells in the stratum spinosum and what are they for?

A

They are called desmosomes. They bind the cells tightly together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is sebum?

A

The oily secretion of sebaceous glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define microvilli

A

Sites of increased surface area to assist with absorptive processes. The shape is maintained by internal actin micro filament and they cannot beat in waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define stereocilia

A

Elongated microvilli which are immotile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where would you find stereocilia?

A

Epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which salivary gland is entirely serous?

A

Parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the embryological origin of the adrenal cortex and medulla?

A 
Cortex = mesoderm origin
Medulla = ectodermal neural crest cell origin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Chromaffin cells?

A

Large secretory cells of the adrenal medulla that release catecholamines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are enkephalins?

A

Peptides involved in the control of pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name some of the enzymes in the pancreatic exocrine secretion

A

Trypsinogen, elastase, amylase, lipase, DNase, ribonuclease…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What chemical nature does the exocrine secretion of the pancreas have?

A

Serous, bicarbonate-rich, alkaline fluid to buffer and neutralise the acidic contents from the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What occurs in the nucleolus?

A

Ribosomal RNA is synthesised for ribosome assembly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the dermis rest on?

A

The hypodermis: a layer of loose connective tissue with adipose cells, sweat and sebaceous glands and blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a aponeurosis?

A

A tendon flattened into a thin, broad sheet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some of the properties of dense CT?

A

Close packing of fibres, proportionally fewer cells and less ground substance than loose CT.

24
Q

Name 4 examples of dense, irregular CT

A

Dermis, periosteum, perichondrium and dura mater

25
Q

What are the 2 types of body hair?

A

Vellus and terminal

26
Q

What are vellus hairs?

A

Soft, fine, short and pale hairs present on most of the body’s surface.

27
Q

What are terminal hairs?

A

Comparatively harder, longer, larger, coarser and darker hairs. Eg. Scalp and eyebrows

28
Q

If you have achondrioplasia, which gene is mutated?

A

FGFR3 gene

29
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

Vasodilation and leakage of fluids into tissues.

30
Q

What is the function of heparin?

A

Prevents blood clotting

31
Q

What is the function of serotonin?

A

Constricts blood vessel walls

32
Q

Where are cell bodies located on sensory neurones?

A

Cell bodies are always in the middle of the nerve. Between 2 parts of axon or between a dendrite and an axon.

33
Q

Where are cell bodies located in efferent neurones?

A

Always at the end of the axon, surrounded by dendritic processes.

34
Q

What kind of hormone is PTH?

A

Peptide

35
Q

What is sub clinical hyperthyroidism?

A

Low or undetectable concentrations of TSH but T3 and T4 are within the reference ranges.

36
Q

What kind of hormone is TSH?

A

Glycoprotein

37
Q

What is the activated form of carbimazole?

A

Methimazole

38
Q

What are the 3 action of thyroid peroxidase?

A

It oxidises iodide to iodine, it adds iodine onto tyrosine residues and couples MIT or DIT with thyroglobulin.

39
Q

How does dopamine affect prolactin?

A

It inhibits the release

40
Q

What is transsphenoidal surgery?

A

Pituitary gland surgery where they go through the nose and the sphenoid sinus cavity.

41
Q

What is the role of LH in men?

A

Acts upon Leydig cells of the testes to control testosterone production.

42
Q

What is another name for somatostatin?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

43
Q

What are the 2 most significant factors in metabolic syndrome?

A

Insulin resistance and central obesity

44
Q

What is the role of LH?

A

Ovulation and secretion of sex hormones

45
Q

What is the role of FSH?

A

Development of gametes

46
Q

What kind of hormone is the thyroid hormone?

A

Amine

47
Q

Which enzyme converts cholesterol to cholesterol ester?

A

LCAT

48
Q

Which complex does cyanide inhibit?

A

Complex IV

49
Q

What 2 things could we look for in the plasma to diagnose an MI?

A

Creatine kinase or cardiac troponin

50
Q

What is the action of primaquine?

A

It further depletes the levels of glutathione which can cause a crisis state in those with G6PD deficiency as the cells are even more exposed to oxidative damage.

51
Q

Which NS has the simplest layout?

A

Somatic (it has only 1 neurone for efferent pathway)

52
Q

What are the features of the sympathetic NS efferent pathway?

A

There are 2 neurones. The preganglionic neurone is short and release ACh which binds to nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic neurone. The postganglionic neurone is long and releases noradrenaline which activates adrenergic receptors of target tissues.

53
Q

What are the features of the parasympathetic NS efferent pathway?

A

There are 2 neurones. The preganglionic neurone is long and release ACh to bind to nicotinic receptors of the postganglionic neurone. The postganglionic neurone is short (and within the walls of the effector organ) it release ACh which binds to muscarinic receptors.

54
Q

What are muscarinic receptors blocked by?

A

Atropine

55
Q

What changes about the sympathetic NS at the sweat glands and for ejaculation?

A

The postganglionic neurone secretes ACh too.

56
Q

Name a place where stratified cuboidal epithelium can be found

A

Glandular ducts

New Bits (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions