V. Common Skin Disorders Flashcards
Characterized by a family or personal history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, dry skin and horny follicular papules on of extensors younger children and flexors among older people
Atopic Dermatitis (Tx: topical hydrocortisone or fluociniolone, moisturizers, and Cloxacillin or Cefalexin for infected lesions)
A form of type II cell mediated injury with lesions being limited to the area of contact with external substance such as poison ivy, nickel, cosmetics, perfume, or soap
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Due to strong chemicals that penetrate the epidermal barrier readily or weaker chemicals that penetrate a faulty epidermal barrier or substances that remove intercellular lipid
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Excessive sebum accumulation on the scalp (greasy cradle cap), face (greasy scales in naolabial folds or eyebrows), midchest, perineum
Seborrheic Dermatitis (Tx: low potency steroids, keratolytic shampoo such as coal tar preparation)
Erosions covered by moist honey colored crusts in face, nares, extremities. Depth of invasion until the upper epidermis commonly caused by Staph aureus and group A streptococcus
Impetigo (Tx: Cloxacillin or Cephalexin with or without mupirocin)
Entire epidermis is involved with firm, dry, dark crust with surrounding redness and induration
Ecthyma (Tx: Cloxacillin)
Tender, warm, erythematous plaques with ill-defined borders commonly caused by Strep, Staph, and H. influenzae. Invasion of the bacteria includes the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat
Cellulitis (Tx: Strep-Penicillin, Staph-Oxacillin, H. influenzae-Ampicillin+Chloramphenicol
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: causes the intraepidermal separation of cells within the granular layer and stratum corneum when a minor trauma occurs
Staph exfoliatin A (Staph aureus of phage group II)
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: mild rubbing of the skin results in epidermal separation leaving a shiny, moist red surface
Nikolsky sign
KOH scraping: short curved hyphae and circular spores (sphagetti and meatballs), caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR invading the stratum corneum which thrives in hot, humid climate
Tinea versicolor (Tx: Miconazole, clotrimazole, or fluconazole, selenium sulfide 2.5%)
Neonates and infants: white plaques on a red base (thrush) in the buccal mucosa, beefy erythema with elevated margins and satellite red plaques on intertrigenous areas like inframammary, axillary, neck and inguinal body folds. Adolescent females: whitish plaques on red mucous membrane of vulvovaginal areas with cheesy vaginal discharge
Candidiasis/Candida albicans (Tx: 1. Thrush-oral nystatin for 5 days, Skin-ketoconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole)
Pruritic papules on the abdomen, dorsa of the hands, flexors, periaxilla, genitalia, interdigits, with brown crusted nodules on the trunk. S-shaped burrows are diagnostic
Scabies/Sarcoptes scabei (Tx: Permethrin 5% for 8-14hrs)
White or yellow 1-6mm discrete papules with a central umbilication around the eyesaxilla, proximal extremities
Molluscum contagiosum/poxvirus
Benign tumors of the capillary endothelium, pale white to gray-blue macule, telangiectatic, papular form, most regress in the 2nd year of life; associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (platelet trapping with comsumptive coagulopathy
Hemangioma (Tx: oral steroids)
Thick silvery scales, nail involvement and isomorphic phenomenon (lesions in sites of skin trauma several days after the event)
Psoriasis (Tx: topical steroids followed by phototherapy)
