V. An Introduction to Basic Arthrology

Question 1

What term is used to identify the study of joints?

Answer 1

arthrology

Question 2

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

Answer 2

syndesmology

Question 3

What are the three histological classifications of joints?

Answer 3

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial fluid

Question 4

What were the three Latin classifications of joints based on movement potential?

Answer 4

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis

Question 5

Which classification of synarthrosis joints implies a bond condition?

Answer 5

syndesmosis

Question 6

What is the classification of a joint held together with cartilage?

Answer 6

synchondrosis

Question 7

What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?

Answer 7

symphysis

Question 8

What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

Answer 8

synchondrosis, symphysis

Question 9

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

Answer 9

arthrodia

Question 10

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

Answer 10

ginglymus

Question 11

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

Answer 11

trochoid

Question 12

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

Answer 12

condylar or bicondylar

Question 13

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

Answer 13

ellipsoidal

Question 14

What is the classification of a saddle type synovial joint?

Answer 14

sellar

Question 15

What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?

Answer 15

cotyloid, spheroidal, or enarthrosis

Question 16

What term is now used to identify the synarthrosis joint type?

Answer 16

fibrous joints

Question 17

What is the name given to the condition in which bones are fused together by bone?

Answer 17

synostosis

Question 18

What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?

Answer 18

a ligament

Question 19

What is the synonym for amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 19

cartilage joint

Question 20

Which classification of cartilage joint is the first to appear developmentally?

Answer 20

(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 21

Which cartilage joint forms between ossification centers within a cartilage template?

Answer 21

(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 22

Which classification of cartilage joint is primary, temporary, composed of hyaline cartilage and forms between ossification centers within a cartilage template?

Answer 22

(amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 23

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

Answer 23

they are primary cartilage joints, temporary in longevity, composed of hyaline cartilage, and form between ossification centers within a cartilage template

Question 24

Which cartilage joint classification would be considered secondary?

Answer 24

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 25

Which cartilage joint occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?

Answer 25

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 26

Which classification of cartilage joint is secondary, permanent, composed of fibrous cartilage (fibrocartilage) and occurs between bones formed by endochondral ossification?

Answer 26

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 27

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 27

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and synovial fluid

Question 28

What are classifications of synovial joints (diarthroses) based on?

Answer 28

1) the number of articulating surfaces
2) the degree/s of freedom and/or types of movement
3) the morphological appearance of the bony surfaces or the shape of the joint cavity

Question 29

What movements are accommodated by arthrodial synovial joints?

Answer 29

translational movement, a plane or gliding movement

Question 30

What examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joints occur along the vertebral column?

Answer 30

most zygapophyses of the vertebral column

Question 31

Diarthrosis trochoid joints are commonly called ______ joints based on action.

Answer 31

synovial pivot

Question 32

What is an example of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints along the vertebral column?

Answer 32

median atlanto-axial joint

Question 33

What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthorsis trochoid joints?

Answer 33

an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring

Question 34

What are the parts of the median atlanto-axial joint?

Answer 34

in the median atlanto-axial, the pivot point is the dens or odontoid process of C2 and it is stationary while the osteo-ligamentous ring formed by the anterior arch of C1 and the transverse atlantal ligament rotates

Question 35

What is a common name for the diarthrosis sellar joint?

Answer 35

synovial saddle joint

Question 36

What example of synovial saddle (diarthorsis sellar) joint is identified along the spine?

Answer 36

the joint of Luschka of typical cervicals is a modified sellar joint

Question 37

Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and a concave surface on the other side?

Answer 37

diarthrosis condylar

Question 38

What example of the diarthorsis condylar joint is identified along the spine?

Answer 38

the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis condylar joint

Question 39

Which joint classification exhibits a knuckle-shaped surface on one side of the joint and an elliptical, concave surface of the other side?

Answer 39

diarthrosis ellipsoidal

Question 40

What example of the diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint is identified along the spine?

Answer 40

the atlanto-occipital joint may be classified as a diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

Question 41

Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?

Answer 41

ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints