UWSA 1 Flashcards
If you see an img of arthrocentesis with Ns but also crystals - irrespective of C/P!
its crystal arthropathy
Influenza drugs MOA?
Neuraminidase inhibitors - oseltamivir - stop release of newly formed virions
An img on gel electrophoresis abt a 85 kDa protein that in 10,15,25 mins splits and gets thinner. Mechanism?
A single 85 kDa protein cleaved and modified subsequently
if some1 has sensations of crawling on skin, dry mucous memb, skin is warm, blurred vision. What substance abused?
Methyphenidate
Atropine
Its atropine cuz uk apart of crawling stuff, nothing fits methylphenidate.
DM controlled + active individual. What is most recommended?
Daily foot inspection
Complex carb restriction
Foot inspection - check for trauma and infection
If pt has revealed tonns of info and he is drinking alcohol inc now. What shud u do?
Acknowledge and reflect - ki prolly u inc drinking as a way of coping with stress.
Review the heme pathway now!!!
Understand if a pt has abdominal pain, N/V, hepatomegaly. What enzyme? AIP
see this!
If some1 with has a mass para-aortic at level of L4. Also has headache, palpitations and HTN + FLUSHING AND DIAPHORESIS.
what Dx?
Carcinoid
Adrenal
Adrenal!! obviooooooo
OA pathogenesis?
degraded type 2 cartilage and proteoglycans.
Receptors for
Glucagon
Insulin
NE
Glucagon - Gs
Insulin - TK
NE - Gs
A man with normal 2’ry sex characteristics and descended testis but low Tz conc in epididymis and seminiferous tubules. Defect kaha?
Leydig
Sertoli
Higher Tz conc in epididymis and seminiferous tubules maintained by Androgen-BP (produced by sertoli)
ans: sertoli
Pt has no known hx of blood issue but bby has hydrops fetalis. Peripheral smear shows?
Microcytes
Spherocytes
Sickle cell
Microcytes - seen in alpha and beta thalassemia
MSUD - mei a DH enzyme requires what co-factor?
B1
If a female recipient has XY in here genome analysis post transplant of BM. Cause?
Male allogenic transplant donor - functional HSC
cephalosporin mechanism of resistance?
Efflucx pump
After having Ag sample for ELISA. What to add?
Anti- IgG Abs + peroxidase
then latex particle to visualize
Chronic hepC pt has inc HTN in what vein?
Portal
splenic
Splenic cuz portal vein is valveless!
Allelic heterogencity?
different mutations at a locus cause similar phenotypes.
Genetic heterogenecity
same gene many mutations but similar phenotypes
Epistasis?
Multiple genes interact to create new phenotype that can mask or dec the symptoms of the actual disease.
Inc HbF in HbS
Pleiotropy
Many phenotypes of same Dx – like Marfans effects BVs, eyes, skin etc
Polygenic
can’t trace a spp gene that caused it
Variable expressivity
difft phenotypes found in difft ppl effected with same disease
Nitrates?
Inc HR (reflex)
dec EDV
only med that dec both is isopropanol
submandibular LN has SCC. Origin?
Parotid
Tongue
LNs
Tongue
RB1 mechanism of mutation?
Loss of heterozygosity (Knudson’s 2 hit hypothesis)
SCD?
C/P: DC, LCSTs, SCB tracts, peripheral nerve!
B12 def!
ALS - no sensory component effected!
MHC 2 making to cell memb what part is degraded?
Invariant chain is not expressed on the memb
Meningitis viral cause?
enterovirus, coxsackie too
both are ssRNA +ve sense
what dec with inc sample samples size?
Standard error = SD/sample size
Unmyelinated nerve fibers?
autonomic post ganglionic pain and temp STT.
Rash + arthralgia + thin walled cavity in RLL. Cause of pneumonia?
(Fever+ CP + hemoptysis + travel to south america)
Coccidiodes immitis
Li-Fraumani - gene and MOI>
AD - inactivating tp53 for 1 allele
Osteomalacia - what bone affected?
Osteoid mineralization affected.
Apoptotic cells DNA mech?
Internal ribosome entry - 5’ untranslated region allows translation from mid
Gram -ve back spp ppy?
Have inner and outer memb
Gram +ve have 1 PM only
Chromogrenin and synaptphysin +ve tumors?
always secrete SRT
Most imp RF for OA?
AGE!!!
Not Fam Hx, smoking or wt bearing exercises
thin sclerae + visible choroid + scoliosis in 20 yr old who is athletic. What effected?
Collagen
Fibrillin
Collagen
Fibrillin is okay but has CVS issues in qn stem like AA aneurysm n all
Anesthesia effects what band in muscle fiber to lengthen?
I band
the overlap shortens when relaxed
(H-band - effected in contraction where as here its relaxation)
Dec what inc contraction vel in CMs?
Afterload
Preload + overlap btw the 2 proteins - initial muscle length b4 contraction
Inc in passive tension - inc contaction vel + muscle length
Lung collapse 1st line trtmt?
CT placement to deflate the air off and then PEEP to inflate lungs
HIV nephropathy?
FSGS
other causes: HbS, obese, INF and heroin
Membranous nephropathy is HBV, HCV, NSAIDs, Penicillamine, Au, SLE
pt has HypoTN + cold hands + bleeding? Med given inc what?
cGMP
IP3
Alpha-1 blocker given - inc IP3 in sm muscle
CHD + seizures + low set ears + defect in chr 22. What effected?
Truncus arteriosis - persists in utero
(Dx: Digeorge synd)
Prothetic valve pt long term Tx?
Warfarin
wt loss + smoking + shiny tongue (glossitis) + hyperpigmentation in axillae. Dx?
Adrenal
Gastric Ca
Gastric Ca
Denerved eye has contriction of pupil via?
Cholimimetic agent that works on papillary muscle - Pilocarpine
see img of sinus. The fluid in sinus till what level, waha ka issue?
Middle meatus!
