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nbme 21 > UWSA 1 > Flashcards

UWSA 1 Flashcards

1
Q

If you see an img of arthrocentesis with Ns but also crystals - irrespective of C/P!

A

its crystal arthropathy

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2
Q

Influenza drugs MOA?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors - oseltamivir - stop release of newly formed virions

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3
Q

An img on gel electrophoresis abt a 85 kDa protein that in 10,15,25 mins splits and gets thinner. Mechanism?

A

A single 85 kDa protein cleaved and modified subsequently

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4
Q

if some1 has sensations of crawling on skin, dry mucous memb, skin is warm, blurred vision. What substance abused?

Methyphenidate
Atropine

A

Its atropine cuz uk apart of crawling stuff, nothing fits methylphenidate.

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5
Q

DM controlled + active individual. What is most recommended?

Daily foot inspection
Complex carb restriction

A

Foot inspection - check for trauma and infection

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6
Q

If pt has revealed tonns of info and he is drinking alcohol inc now. What shud u do?

A

Acknowledge and reflect - ki prolly u inc drinking as a way of coping with stress.

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7
Q

Review the heme pathway now!!!

A

Understand if a pt has abdominal pain, N/V, hepatomegaly. What enzyme? AIP

see this!

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8
Q

If some1 with has a mass para-aortic at level of L4. Also has headache, palpitations and HTN + FLUSHING AND DIAPHORESIS.
what Dx?

Carcinoid
Adrenal

A

Adrenal!! obviooooooo

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9
Q

OA pathogenesis?

A

degraded type 2 cartilage and proteoglycans.

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10
Q

Receptors for

Glucagon
Insulin
NE

A

Glucagon - Gs
Insulin - TK
NE - Gs

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11
Q

A man with normal 2’ry sex characteristics and descended testis but low Tz conc in epididymis and seminiferous tubules. Defect kaha?

Leydig
Sertoli

A

Higher Tz conc in epididymis and seminiferous tubules maintained by Androgen-BP (produced by sertoli)

ans: sertoli

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12
Q

Pt has no known hx of blood issue but bby has hydrops fetalis. Peripheral smear shows?

Microcytes
Spherocytes
Sickle cell

A

Microcytes - seen in alpha and beta thalassemia

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13
Q

MSUD - mei a DH enzyme requires what co-factor?

A

B1

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14
Q

If a female recipient has XY in here genome analysis post transplant of BM. Cause?

A

Male allogenic transplant donor - functional HSC

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15
Q

cephalosporin mechanism of resistance?

A

Efflucx pump

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16
Q

After having Ag sample for ELISA. What to add?

A

Anti- IgG Abs + peroxidase
then latex particle to visualize

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17
Q

Chronic hepC pt has inc HTN in what vein?

Portal
splenic

A

Splenic cuz portal vein is valveless!

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18
Q

Allelic heterogencity?

A

different mutations at a locus cause similar phenotypes.

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19
Q

Genetic heterogenecity

A

same gene many mutations but similar phenotypes

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20
Q

Epistasis?

A

Multiple genes interact to create new phenotype that can mask or dec the symptoms of the actual disease.

Inc HbF in HbS

21
Q

Pleiotropy

A

Many phenotypes of same Dx – like Marfans effects BVs, eyes, skin etc

22
Q

Polygenic

A

can’t trace a spp gene that caused it

23
Q

Variable expressivity

A

difft phenotypes found in difft ppl effected with same disease

24
Q

Nitrates?

A

Inc HR (reflex)
dec EDV

only med that dec both is isopropanol

25
Q

submandibular LN has SCC. Origin?

Parotid
Tongue
LNs

A

Tongue

26
Q

RB1 mechanism of mutation?

A

Loss of heterozygosity (Knudson’s 2 hit hypothesis)

27
Q

SCD?

A

C/P: DC, LCSTs, SCB tracts, peripheral nerve!
B12 def!

ALS - no sensory component effected!

28
Q

MHC 2 making to cell memb what part is degraded?

A

Invariant chain is not expressed on the memb

29
Q

Meningitis viral cause?

A

enterovirus, coxsackie too

both are ssRNA +ve sense

30
Q

what dec with inc sample samples size?

A

Standard error = SD/sample size

31
Q

Unmyelinated nerve fibers?

A

autonomic post ganglionic pain and temp STT.

32
Q

Rash + arthralgia + thin walled cavity in RLL. Cause of pneumonia?

(Fever+ CP + hemoptysis + travel to south america)

A

Coccidiodes immitis

33
Q

Li-Fraumani - gene and MOI>

A

AD - inactivating tp53 for 1 allele

34
Q

Osteomalacia - what bone affected?

A

Osteoid mineralization affected.

35
Q

Apoptotic cells DNA mech?

A

Internal ribosome entry - 5’ untranslated region allows translation from mid

36
Q

Gram -ve back spp ppy?

A

Have inner and outer memb

Gram +ve have 1 PM only

37
Q

Chromogrenin and synaptphysin +ve tumors?

A

always secrete SRT

38
Q

Most imp RF for OA?

A

AGE!!!

Not Fam Hx, smoking or wt bearing exercises

39
Q

thin sclerae + visible choroid + scoliosis in 20 yr old who is athletic. What effected?

Collagen
Fibrillin

A

Collagen

Fibrillin is okay but has CVS issues in qn stem like AA aneurysm n all

40
Q

Anesthesia effects what band in muscle fiber to lengthen?

A

I band

the overlap shortens when relaxed

(H-band - effected in contraction where as here its relaxation)

41
Q

Dec what inc contraction vel in CMs?

A

Afterload

Preload + overlap btw the 2 proteins - initial muscle length b4 contraction

Inc in passive tension - inc contaction vel + muscle length

42
Q

Lung collapse 1st line trtmt?

A

CT placement to deflate the air off and then PEEP to inflate lungs

43
Q

HIV nephropathy?

A

FSGS

other causes: HbS, obese, INF and heroin

Membranous nephropathy is HBV, HCV, NSAIDs, Penicillamine, Au, SLE

44
Q

pt has HypoTN + cold hands + bleeding? Med given inc what?

cGMP
IP3

A

Alpha-1 blocker given - inc IP3 in sm muscle

45
Q

CHD + seizures + low set ears + defect in chr 22. What effected?

A

Truncus arteriosis - persists in utero

(Dx: Digeorge synd)

46
Q

Prothetic valve pt long term Tx?

A

Warfarin

47
Q

wt loss + smoking + shiny tongue (glossitis) + hyperpigmentation in axillae. Dx?

Adrenal
Gastric Ca

A

Gastric Ca

48
Q

Denerved eye has contriction of pupil via?

A

Cholimimetic agent that works on papillary muscle - Pilocarpine

49
Q

see img of sinus. The fluid in sinus till what level, waha ka issue?

A

Middle meatus!

nbme 21 (2 decks)

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