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NBME 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Bilateral Hydronephrosis and hydroureters. Tumor where?

A

Cervix (uterine)

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2
Q

Steps of tissue repair:
a. Angiogenesis
B. Granulation tissue
c. Formation of clot
D. Macrophages in
E. FB prolif

A

C –> A–> D–> B –> E

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3
Q

What glands give ur sweat smell characteristic?

A

Apocrine

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4
Q

Renal art stenosis and 50% dec in arcuate art BF affects what renal struc?

A

Cortex

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5
Q

Post 20 hrs of fasting, what maintains normal Glucose levels?

A

Cahill cycle (Alanine - Pyruvate)

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6
Q

CCR5 ka natural ligand?

A

Chemokine (Cysteine-cysteine chemokine R)

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7
Q

If sup thyroid art ligated and if inf thyroid art ligated in case of thyroidectomy, what to ligate also to dec bleeding?

A

Inf thyroid art –> Thyrocervical trunk (recurrent laryngeal nerve)
Sup Thyroid art –> Ext carotid art (sup laryngeal nerve)

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8
Q

If PDA h toh (also seen in AV fistulas)

A

Inc LV CO

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9
Q

Inc oxytocin at delivery is due to to?

A

Birth canal reflex (cervix dilation –> + Oxytocin secretion)

PS: Pg has no role

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10
Q

Female want sto maintain 450 Mosm/kg H20. The per day solute she concentrate to excrete is 450. Loses 1 L in sweat and etc. How much minimum L such she consume per day?

A

2L

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11
Q

Pregnant women with C/P of hyperThyroidism. What confirms Dx?

A

Free T4 levels not Bx (T4 levels are inc in preg so no and TSH too inc)

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12
Q

Post transfusion hemorrhage and thrombus?

A

IgG plus complement

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13
Q

Tay Sachs disease acc?

A

GM2 ganglioside

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14
Q

Neonate with hyaline memb disease. O2 levels not 100%, why?

A

To protect retina (ROP)

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15
Q

Old women, dec energy + fatigue + night time awakenings. Dx?

A

Major depressive disorder

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16
Q

If sample size dec what happens to CI?

A

CI inc in width

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17
Q

last year screening had 500 new cases in 2500 ppl. Incidence?

A

Incidence = 500/ ppl at risk
= 500/2000

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18
Q

Lung Bx shows: chronic inf + fibrous thickening btw septae?

A

ILD or Usual interstitial pneumonitis

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19
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Extensor carpi radialis previs (Lat epicondyle)

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20
Q

Golfers elbow

A

Pronator teres tendon (Medial epicondyle)

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21
Q

Location of sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

Abv sup choncha

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22
Q

Measles, Mumps?

A

Poxvirus

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23
Q

Umbilicated round shiny bumps that are contagious (Spread if any body part rubs against the lesion)?

A

Molluscum contagiosum (Paramyxovirus)

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24
Q

Cave virus?

A

Rabies (retrograde transport thru nerves)

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25
Retroperitoneal struc?
S - Spleen A - adrenals D - duodenum (- 2nd part) P- pancreas U - ureters C - colon (ascending + descending) K - kidneys E - Esophagus lower 2/3 R - Rectum
26
Any long term ill pt has low T3 but normal T4 and TSH?
high rT3 (Euthyroid sick synd)
27
Anti-idiotypic Ab for MM?
No cua MM cells have no surface Igs
28
Mutated gene in cytososl but supposed to go to ER/golgi. Why?
N-terminus hydrophobic AA defect - protein cant be tagged to an organelle
29
2 diuretics that cause low K+
HCTZ and Loop
30
If all nl except PT and aPTT raised?
Factor 5 or 10 ka defect (common pathway kharaab)
31
Subepidermal blister
Bullous pemphigoid
32
Can't undergo trtmt with PUVA as inc risk of Skin cancer?
Porphyria cutanea tarda
33
which protein of Neisseria is conjugated to induce Ab titers as a vaccine?
Flagellin/Pillus
34
Shunt to dec GI bleeding in case of esophageal varices?
Splenic to left renal vein
35
Why CO2 in more in veins compared to art?
HCO3- in plasma
36
Osteosarcoma (see Rbastoma, radiation, Lifraumani as preexisting issues)
spreads to Lungs. If no pre-existing issue and Bx looks malignant - chondrosarcoma
37
Spasticity in qn stem trtmt?
Baclofen (muscle relaxant)
38
Thoracocentesis?
9th rib
39
AV fistula?
dec SVR (as arterioles create SVR) --> inc HR and preload --> inc CO
40
Early onset cancers in family of many kinds?
TP53
41
Cyclosporin A MOA?
IL2 Transcription
42
Bilat aching temples + pt is not himself + confused + forgets names + clumsy with falls. What drug abused in this kid?
Glue (inhalants)
43
Slow onset AD. What to do?
Advice pt to keep notes and lists to help memory
44
Fish oil MOA?
VLDL secretion dec
45
MI mei what dec?
Mixed venous O2 tension (dec tissue perfusion so)
46
BBy with multible bone deformities?
OI - disrupted 2'dry struc of collagen
47
Intention to trt?
No change in grp sample size even if ppl leave or drop out
48
fever + muscle aches + headaches + HTN + RR high + Macular rash on trunk?
Zika or dengue - arthropod vector transmission
49
Catheter in IJV
Lung and Common carotid art pierced
50
HbS + Macrocytic anemia
Parvovirus B19
51
if non-NMDA R depolarize b4 NMDA R?
NMDA R are blocked by Mg and cant reach RMP- TP
52
Vit D def in kid? Rickets
Osteoid bone inc
53
DMC assessed and incapable if?
Pt doesnt understand prognosis and severity of condition
54
Inc Lymph flow in Pulmonary?
Inc infusion of albumin soln
55
ADHD med?
Amphetamines - inc Biogenic amines (NE /E)
56
Inc Bleeding + low PLTs + Megakaryocytes?
ITP
57
80% power?
80% Chance of p<0.05
58
Aortic valve on img of replaced valve? Pg 14 NBME 21
YES
59
Old man + no smudge cells + no >50k Ls?
Reactive granulocytosisb (pg 12)
60
Bleeding on scratching but lesion on sun-exposed areas only
not psoriasis but actinic keratitis
61
Metronidazole MOA?
Makes Free ROS/radicals
62
Central lung tumor + bronchial involvement?
SCC

nbme 21 (2 decks)

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