Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > UWORLD Misc > Flashcards

UWORLD Misc Flashcards

1
Q

Vitiligo

A
  • macular depigmentation around acral and peri-orificial areas
  • autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
  • few pts remit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

leprosy lesion

A

-areas of hypopigmentation with anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gram negative rod nosocomial pneumonia

A
  • Pseudomonas!
  • 4th generation cephalosporin (e.g. cefepime) or Pip-Tazo
  • Ceftriazone NOT effective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A
  • single or multiple round, dome shaped papules with central umbilication
  • caused by poxvirus
  • children: trunk and extremities
  • adults: STI
  • AIDS: disseminated, including face. diff to treat (CD4< 100)
  • Tx: curettage or liquid nitrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lichen Planus

A
  • inflammatory (autoimmune?) condition
  • pruritic, violaceous, flat papules with fine white streaks
  • Tx: retinoids, steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A
  • uncommon disease with pruritus, papules, and vesicles over elbows, knees, buttocks, posterior neck, scalp
  • Associated with HLA B8, DR3, DQw2
  • associated with Celiac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A
  • occupational restrictive (normal or high FEV1/FVC with low VC) lung disease
  • Can have pleural calcifications (asbestos)
  • Decreased DLCO (ILD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Labs B12/Folate deficiency

A
  • Both are involved in conversion of homocysteine to methionine. So deficiency will result in elevated homocysteine
  • B12, unlike folate, converts methylmalonyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA. So in B12 deficiency MMA will be elevated (normal in folate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein

A

elevated in testicular germ cell tumors, HCCs, other cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vanillylmandelic acid

A

elevated in urine of pts with Pheochromocytomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ferritin levels

A

increased in iron deficiency anemia and elevated in hemochromatosis, sideroblastic anemia, and acute inflammatory states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tx aortic dissection

A
  • BBs (labetolol): want to dec bp and HR, reduce stress on aorta
  • Vasodilators can cause reflex tachycardia, used if refractory to BBs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nifedipine

A
  • anti-HTN

- vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydralizine

A
  • anti-HTN

- vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AVF (causes, signs)

A
  • Congenital: PDA, angiomas, pulmonary AVF, CNS AVF
  • Acquired: Trauma, Iatrogenic (e.g. femoral cath), atherosclerosis (e.g aortacaval fistula), cancer
  • Signs: widened pulse pressure, brisk carotid upstroke, systolic flow murmur, tachycardia, flushed extremities
  • Can develop LVH and HF (due to increased preload). CO is HIGH (high-output Cardiac failure).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of high-output cardiac failure

A
  • AVF
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Paget disease
  • Anemia
  • Thiamine deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cyclophosphamide (MoA, use, SEs)

A
  • alkylating agent used as immunosuppressant
  • in SLE, reserved for pts with renal/neuro involvement
  • SEs: hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder carcinoma, sterility, myelosuppression.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drugs causing cochlear dysfunction

A

cisplantin, carboplatin (testicular, ovarian, bladder cancer)
Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

drugs causing optic neuritis

A

ethambutol (TB), hydroxychloroquine (antimalarial, SLE, RA, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

drugs causing digital vasospasm (Raynaud’s)

A

BBs and ergotamine

21
Q

Drugs causing thyroid dysfunction

A

amiodarone and lithium

22
Q

PE findings consolidation of lung

A

dullness to percussion, bronchial breath sounds (as long as airways are patent). Egophany

23
Q

PE findings pleural effusion

A

decrease in chest wally movement, dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds. Can have Egophany

24
Q

PE findings pneumothorax

A

hyper-resonance on percussion and decreased or absent breath sounds

25
Q

PE findings emphysema

A

hyper-resonance bilaterally, vesicular breath sounds which are significantly decreased. May have wheezing

26
Q

PE findings ILD

A

resonance on percussion, vesicular breath sounds, fine crackles at end inspiration

27
Q

Monitoring respiratory function in GBS

A

bedside VC! If it falls below 15 mL/kg and trending downward is v worrisome for resp failure

28
Q

Splenic abscess (RFs, presentation, organisms, Dx, Tx)

A

RF: Infection (e.g. endocarditis) w spread. Hemoglobinopathy (e.g. SCD), Immunosuppression, IVDU, Trauma

  • Sx: classic triad: fever, leukocytosis, LUQ pain. Can also have Left pleural effusion, splenomegaly.
  • Staph, Strep, Salmonella
  • Dx: Abd CT
  • Tx: broad-spectrum Abs, splenectomy. Percutaneous drainage in poor candidates.
29
Q

Presentation Pulm embolism

A
  • Dyspnea, tachypnea, normal lung exam, right axis deviation
  • Ct angio
  • Perfusion defect on V-P scan
30
Q

Contraindications CT angio

A

contrast allergy, renal insufficiency

31
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

used to replete fibrinogen

32
Q

RBC transfusion indications

A

-previously health pt: Hg <10

33
Q

TTP-HUS

A

Sx: pentad of neuro, renal, fever, thrombocytopenia, MAHA

  • pathogen: autoAbs or deficiency in ADAMTS13 –> vWF aggregates and PLT destruction
  • path: schistocytes on smere
  • Tx: plasma exchange to remove Abs/replete ADAMTS13
34
Q

Herpangina

A
  • kids. Vesicles on tonsils/soft palate.
  • Sore throat, fever, pain w swallowing
  • Coxsackie A virus
35
Q

Diphtheria

A
  • acute respiratory illness causing pseudomembranous pharyngitis
  • low-grade fever, unilateral nasal discharge, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy
  • Tx: maintain airway, Abs to prevent transmission
36
Q

Type 2 RTA

A
  • Proximal
  • Urine pH can be s syndrome, amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Toxins (HAART, Ifosfamide, lead, cadmium)
37
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

Vasculitis of medium-sized arteries

  • Young children
  • Conjunctivitis, fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, erythema of lips/tongue/palate, peripheral edema.
  • Coronary Artery aneurysms
  • Tx: IVIG, SAS, c
38
Q

B12 deficiency (Sx, RFs)

A
  • Anemia w neuro deficits

- strict vegans (stores last 3-4 yrs)

39
Q

Folate deficiency (Sx, RFs

A
  • Anemia (alone, no neuro .. contrast B12)
  • “Tea and Toast” diet – all cooked foods (heat-sensitive)
  • Stores last 4-5 months
40
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy: perifollicular hemorrhage, swollen gums, poor wound healing

41
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

-Osteomalacia and hypocalcemic tetany

42
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

-RBC fragility, hyporeflexia, blindness

43
Q

Thyroid hormone resistance

A
  • Rare AD mutx to T3/T4 Receptor

- Elevated T3/T4 with signs of hypothyroidism

44
Q

Graves

A
  • Autoimmune d/o with stimulating Abs to TSH R

- TSH suppressed

45
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A
  • chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
  • Thyroid peroxidase Abs –> transient hyperthyroidism due to inflammatory destruction of follicles.
  • TSH suppressed
46
Q

Thyroidin pregnancy

A
  • nml pregnancy –> upregulation of thyroid production due to stimulation of TSHRs by hCG
  • feedback intact, so TSH will be suppressed
47
Q

hypercoag vs hypocoag skin

A
  • hypocoag: bruising/hemorrhage

- Hypercoag: necrosis

48
Q

Heterophile antibody test

A

-EBV test

49
Q

Primary HIV vs mononucleosis

A
  • rash, diarrhea more common with HIV

- tonsillar exudates more common in mono

Medicine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions