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Medicine > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

1
Q

Seafood diarrhea

A

vibrio P

-watery or inflammatory

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2
Q

Shigella dysentery

A

common cause of food-borne illness. usually daycare, institutions

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3
Q

Colitis from improperly cooked ground beef

A

EHEC

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4
Q

Colitis from raw pork

A

Yersinia Entercolitica

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5
Q

Colitis from undercooked/infected poultry

A

Campylobacter. Watery or hemorrhagic, severe cramps

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6
Q

Presentation and species Malaria

A

-Cyclical fever with cold/hot phases. Vomiting, arthralgias, etc. +/- splenomegaly
-Vivax, ovale: 48 hr cycle
-malariae: 72 hr cycle
-Falciprum: no periodicity
Most deaths due to falciprum

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7
Q

Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, renal failure in someone with functional asplenia or splenomegaly

A

Babesiosus

  • RBC parasite (like plasmodium)
  • transmitted by tick
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8
Q

Crypto meningitis Tx

A

-Ampho + flucytosine. Maintenance on fluconazole

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9
Q

Histo meningitis Tx

A

-Ampho. Maintenance on itraconazole

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10
Q

PPx vs Tx toxoplasmosis

A

PPx: TMP-SMZ
Tx: sulfadiazine - pyrimethamine

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11
Q

Mycobacterium avium

A

CD4 < 50
fever, cough, malaise, splenomegaly
prophylax with Azithromycin!

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12
Q

Tx CMV, when to prophylax in HIV pts

A
  • Gancyclovir

- PPx when CD4 <50 and IgG or biopsy is positive

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13
Q

2ndry syphilis

A
  • fever, malaise, sore throat, GENERALIZED LNOPATHY
  • non-pruritic maculopapular rash on trunk, SOLES, PALMS
  • Tx: PCN. Doxy if allergic
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14
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

pruritic papulosquamous rash with initial “herald” lesion
does NOT involve palms and soles
follows viral illness

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15
Q

RMSF

A

tick borne

rash on wrists/ankles that generalizes + severe headache, myalgias

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16
Q

most common cause of rash in children

A

viral exanthem

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17
Q

Complication mononucleosis

A

thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia
2/2 cross reactive antibodies
Splenic rupture 2/2 trauma (not infarction)

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18
Q

Colonic hyperplasia/ UC and endocarditis

A

Increased risk of IE from strep bovis (gallactolyticus)

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19
Q

Nosocomial UTIs and endocarditis

A

Enterococcus

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20
Q

IVDU and endocarditis

A

staph aureus

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21
Q

Cat-scratch disease

A
  • Bartonella henselae
  • immunocompetent pts
  • localized pruritic rash with REGIONAL LNADENOPATHY
  • Tx: Azithromycin
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22
Q

Leprosy

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • Starts as hypopigmented patch
  • progressive nerve damage –> muscle atrophy –> hand deformities
  • Dx: AFBs on biopsy
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23
Q

Creeping eruption

A
  • helminthic disease -ancylostoma braziliense (hookworm)
  • often transmitted by soil (sandboxes)
  • tropical/subtropical regions (Florida)
  • pruritic erythematous papules –> elevated, serpiginous red/brown
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24
Q

sporotrichosis

A

fungal
gardeners
papule at inoculation site –> ulceration and LNadepathy

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25
Q

Scabies

A
  • parasite
  • sarcoptes scabei.
  • volar wrist and interdigit webs
  • short burrows accompanied by papules, vesicles, or plaques
  • transmitted by close contact
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26
Q

Antimalarials

A
  • Areas w/o P Falciprum (Central Am, Brazil, Turkey): primaquin. Teratogenic
  • Areas w chloro-susceptible Falciprum: chloroquin. Need to start 1-2 weeks early
  • Areas w chloro-resistent Falciprum (Sub-saharan africa, Southern, south-east Asia): Mefloquin (Best in Pregnancy. Neuropsych SEs). Doxy (GI, teratogen). Atovaquone-proguanil (Expensive, GI)
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27
Q

CMV mononucleosis

A
  • syndrome, without pharyngitis and LNadeopathy

- Atypical lymphos on smear

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28
Q

Tx GC/CT

A
  • GC: ceftriaxone

- CT: Azithro

29
Q

Tx PID

A
  • Tx both GC/CT (Cef, azithro).

- RPR, HIV, HBV testing

30
Q

Testing warts for HSV

A

Tzanck smear

31
Q

IV catheters and IE

A

coag-neg Staph

32
Q

Fungal IE

A
  • immunocompromise
  • chronic indwelling catheters
  • prolonged Abx
33
Q

Q Fever

A
  • inhalation from infected livestock or drinking unpasturized milk
  • Coxiella burnetti – rickettsial bacteria
34
Q

Candida vs viral esophagitis in HIV

A
  • Candida: thrush, mild/moderate esophagitis. If thrush and mild/moderate esophagitis, can Tx empirically with fluconazole
  • Viral: severe esophagitis
  • HSV: circular ulcers
  • CMV: large, linear ulcers
35
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Bright red, firm, friable, vascular nodules in HIV pt

  • Bartonella (GNB)
  • Oral erythromycin
36
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

-HIV. Caused by HHV-8
papules –> plaques/ nodules over trunk, face, extremities
-light brown –> pink –> violet

37
Q

PCP skin lesions

A

nodular/papular lesions of external auditory meatus

-HIV

38
Q

Molluscum

A

poxvirus

centrally-umbilicated dome-shaped, non-pruritic papules

39
Q

Histo and HIV

A 
CD4 < 100
disseminated infection --> cytopenias, LNopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
high mortality due to shock
Dx: Urine/Serum antigen testing
Tx: Itraconizole
40
Q

Tx Positive PPD in HIV pt

A

-INH + pyridoxine (prevents INH neuropathy, but not hepatitis–check LFTs)

41
Q

Coccidio

A
  • SW US

- pulm infection + erythema multiformae and arthralgias

42
Q

Blasto

A
  • central US
  • flu-like or asymptomatic infection. uncommon in immunocompetent
  • in HIV, multiple nodules or dense consolidation on CXR. Contact with soil. Ulcerative/Verucous skin lesions
43
Q

Cryptococcus

A
  • HIV CD4 meningitis/encephalitis

- rare infection in immunocompetent

44
Q

Thresholds for positive PPD

A

> 5 in HIV/immunosupressed or recently-infected
10 in risk factors
15 in healthy folks

if not strictly positive, Tx = observation

45
Q

Nocardia pneumonia

A

HIV + or immunosuppressed
weakly acid-fast, branching, filamentous rod found in soil and water
-cavitary lesions in lung
-Tx: TMP-SMX

46
Q

trichinosis

A
  • parasite
  • undercooked pork
  • invades intestine (first phase–abd pain etc) –> systemic hypersensitivity rxn –> splinter hemorrhages, chemosis, retinal hemorrhages, periorbital edema
47
Q

Botulism Sx

A

-constipation, descending paralysis, respiratory failure

48
Q

HIV/IVDU and IE

A
  • most commonly Staph, most commonly TV
  • fewer peripheral manifestations
  • septic emboli –> lungs –> cavitary lesions
49
Q

Febrile neutropenia

A

-Admit, cover pseudomonas (cefepime)

50
Q

recent BMT, pneumonia, colitis

A

CMV pneumonitis!

51
Q

urease bugs and effect in UTI

A
  • increases urine pH –> calculi formation –> reservoirs of bacteria –> recurrent UTI not clearable by Abx alone
  • Happens in Hx, pts w Foleys
  • Proteus, pseudomonus, Klebsiella, Morganella, Providencia, Staph, Ureaplasm
52
Q

hemachromatosis pathogens

A

Listeria!

Also iron overload –> Yersinia, Vibrio

53
Q

Podophylin

A

Tx option for warts. causes cell death

54
Q

Tx Lyme in pts with doxy allergy

A

amox

55
Q

PPx in post-transplant pts

A

TMP-SMX

56
Q

Erysipelas

A
  • specific type of cellulitis
  • Sharply-demarcated, erythematous, edematous, tender lesion
  • Group A Strep
57
Q

Abrupt onset nausea/vomiting after meal

A
  • preformed toxin!
  • either Staph or B Cereus
  • Mayonaise, meat, veggies: Staph
  • Rice, etc: B cereus
58
Q

C Perfigens

A
  • Forms spores that live in meat, gravy, poultry

- Watery diarrhea

59
Q

C Diff (Risk Factors, pathogen, presentation, Dx, Tx)

A
  • RFs: Recent Abx(!), hospitalization, PPIs
  • Path: Toxin A: water diarrhea. Toxin B: colonic necrosis
  • Sx: fever, abd pain, leukocytosis, range from watery diarrhea to toxic megacolon
  • Dx: PCR of toxin genes in stool
  • Tx: metronidazole, PO Vanc, or fidaxomicin. NOT BROAD SPECTRUM ABX – will worsen
60
Q

Diarrhea after contact with water in developing countries

A

microsporidia: cryptosporidium, giardia, etc

61
Q

osteomyelitis

A
  • most commonly Staph

- NAIL PUNCTURE wound –> pseudomonus

62
Q

Tx Herpes Zoster

A
  • Valacyclovir preferred

- Acyclovir also effective, and less expensive

63
Q

Cysticercosis

A

-Caused by T Solidium
-Can cause neurocysticercosis in areas with pigs/poor sanitation. From direct ingestion of contaminated human feces. Causes fluid-filled cysts and seizures.
Tx neurocysticercosis: albendazole

64
Q

Tx PCP

A
  • TMP-SMX

- If gas exchange impaired (PaO2 < 70 or A-a gradient >35), add prednisone

65
Q

“halo sign” on lung CT in immunosuppressed

A

Aspergillis

66
Q

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

A
  • Triad: ipsilateral CN7 palsy, ear pain, vesicles in auditory canal
  • VZV
67
Q

Tx human bite wound

A
  • Need to cover Gram (+), Gram (-), and anaerobes.

- Amox-Clav.

68
Q

Post-viral pneumonia with multiple necrotizing abscesses

A

Staph!

69
Q

Dental/Respiratory procedures and IE

A

-Viridans group Strep e.g. Strep Sanguinis

Medicine (7 decks)

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