Uworld Incorrects #16 onward Flashcards
Important Cyp450 metabolized drugs (1)
-Warfarin
8 Cyp450 inducers
“Give Me CPR Before Circulation Stops”
- Griseofulvin
- Modafinil
- Carbamazeine
- Phenytoin
- Rifampin
- Barbiturates
- Cyclophosphamide
- St. john’s wort
8 Cyp450 inhibitors
“Grapefruit Always Inhibits All Cyp450s Regardless of Farmer’s Claims”
- Grapefruit juice
- Amiodarone
- Isoniazid
- Azoles
- Cimetidine
- Ritonavir
- Fluoroquinolones
- Clarithromycin
What molecule do renal epi cells metabolize in response to blood lactate accumulation?
-Renal epi cells metabolize Glutamine to put NH4+ in the urine and HCO3- in the blood (renal ammoniagenesis)
Which blotting techniques are used to identify which molecules? (3)
- Northern = RNA
- Southern = DNA
- Western = Protein
Anaphylaxis causes release of what 2 preformed inflammatory mediators from Mast cells?
- Histamine
- Tryptase
Heme synthesis requires enzymes present in what two specific locations inside of maturing RBC’s?
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
Mutations in what 3 genes have been associated with early onset Alzheimers?
Late onset Alzheimers is associated with which genetic allele?
- APP on chr. 21 / Presillin 1 on chr. 14 / Presillin 2 on chr. 1
- Apolipoprotein E4
COX-2 is induced by which inflammatory cytokines?
What is the advantage of using selective COX-2 blockers for anti-inflammation?
Example of cox-2 inhibitor?
- IL-1 and TNF-Alpha
- Maintains COX-1 mediated gastric mucosal protection
- Celecoxib
Bells palsy is paresis of which nerve?
What are the findings? (4)
- CN VII Facial
- Contralateral: Facial paralysis, Decreased tearing, Hyperacusis, and Loss of Taste over anterior 2/3 of tongue
TNF-alpha results in decreased insulin mediated glucose-uptake by which mechanism?
- Phosphorylation of Serine or Threonine residues on Insulin Receptor or Insulin Receptor Substrate
- (this effect is also brought about by catecholamines, glucocorticoids, and glucagon)
Which two cells are most responsible for granuloma formation?
- Macrophages –> IL- 1, 6, 12 and TNF-alpha
- Th1 cells –> IL-2 and IFN-gamma
Chronic AV shunt effects on CO, TPR, and Venous return.
- Increase CO
- Decreased TPR
- Increased Venous Return (VR curve also shifts right because of increased volume from renal retention of fluid and decreased venous pooling from increased sympathetic tone)
Inherited Hyperlipoproteinemias (4):
- Type and name
- Protein Defect
- Elevated Lipoprotein
- Major Clinical Manifestation
- T 1: Chylomicronemia, LPL and ApoC-II, Chylomicrons, Acute Pancreatitis
- T 2A: Hypercholesterolemia, LDL Receptor and ApoB-100, LDL, Premature CAD
- T 3: Dysbetalipoproteinemia, ApoE, Chylomicrons and VLDL, Premature CAD and Peripheral Vascular Dz
- T 4: Hypertriglyceridemia, ApoA-V, VLDL, Pancreatitis and Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion, Innervation, Function, and Clinical Correlate.
- Insertion Bicipital Groove
- Innervation Thoracodorsal Nerve
- Function Ext, Add, and Med Rot of Humerus
- Clinical Injured in external trauma due to broad area and exposed location, Injured in activities requiring forceful downward movement of humerus.
