Test 21

Question 1

Physiologic effects of heat stroke (Progressive, 6 steps)

Answer 1

• Increase metabolic rate
• Increase oxygen demand
• Shunting of blood to surface
• Central organ ischemia and necrosis
• Release of procoagulant factors (tissue factor)
• DIC

Question 2

Mechanism of liver damage in HBV infection

Answer 2

• HBsAg and HBcAg are expressed on hepatocyte surface along with MHC I
• This results in CD8+ cell mediated hepatocyte destruction

Question 3

Two classes of drug therapies for BPH and their MoA

Answer 3

• 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (eg finasteride) act on prostate epithelium to reduce conversion of T to DHT
• Alpha-1 antags (tamsulosin) act on prostate smooth muscle to relax muscle and promote urinary flow

Question 4

3 ways IL-10 attenuates the inflammatory response

Answer 4

• Inhibits Th1 cytokines
• Inhibits MHC II expression
• Suppression of activated macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 5

Most common cause of deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Answer 5

• Hypertensive vasculopathy of small penetrating branches of cerebrum off of the cerebral arteries.
• *Most common is charcot-bouchard aneurysm rupture.

Question 6

Effects of unilateral renal artery stenosis in unaffected kidney

Answer 6

• Increased pressure natriuresis

- Decreased renin release

Question 7

Most common GI emergency of neonates, associated with prematurity and initiation of enteral feeding. Abdominal xray shows air in the bowel.

Answer 7

• Necrotizing enterocolitis
• Due to:
• immunological immaturity
• impaired mucosal barrier function due to GI immaturity