UWorld Immuno Flashcards
Which cells look abnormal on peripheral smear with EBV
CD8 cytotoxic cells
How does silicosis increased the risk of TB infection?
It impairs the macrophage effector arm causing disrupted macrophage phagolysosomes
Which receptor is essential for HIV entry into the cell
CCR5
What cytokines contribute to the development of granulomas in TB?
Infected macrophages release IL12, which stimulates Th1s to release interferon gamma, which activates macrophages. They also produce TNFalpha to increase recruitment
Where is secretory IgA found? Which Igs are high in blood?
Dimer:Breast milk (colostrum), mucus, tears, saliva; IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE. All monomers except IgM
Where do T cells chill in the lymph node?
Paracortex
Which Ig is increased by oral vaccination
Duodenal IgA from Peyer’s patches
What does IgA protease prevent?
It breaks IgA to allow Neisseria, Strep pneumo, and H flu to enter mucosa
What are the virulence factors for EColi?
Lipopolysaccharide: bacteremia, K1 capsular polysaccharide: neonatal meningitis, verotoxin (blood) and enterotoxin (water): gastroenteritis, fimbriae: UTI
Influenza vaccine has what effect on re-exposure?
Antibodies bind to hemagglutinin and prevent cell entry
How do eosinophils kill parasites?
IgE binds to parasite, eosinophil releases major basic protein and other enzymes to destroy the parasite
What do interferon alpha and beta do?
They are glycoproteins made in infected cells. They degrade viral proteins
Which immune cells prevent hematogenous spread of Candida?
Neutrophils
Which proteins are involved in leukocyte rolling? Adhesion? Transmigration?
Rolling: selectin; adhesion: integrins to ICAM; migration: PECAM
How does tetanus toxin work?
It neutralizes tetanus toxin through antitoxin antibodies
