Uworld hints Flashcards

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1
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, androgenic alopecia, atopy, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer diseas

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2
Q

What is the preferred agent for muscle relaxation in patients who have impaired renal or hepatic function?

A

atracurium
organ-independent elimination: enzymatic hydrolysis (70%) Hofmann elimination (30%)

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3
Q

cytochrome-P450 inhibitor

A

Ginkgo biloba
Omeprazole

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4
Q

inducer of the cytochrome-P450

A

Griseofulvin

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5
Q

Immunophenotyping

A

Neurons:CD45,GFAP
Radial glial: vimentin,nestin,GFSP
microglia:CD11b,40,45,68
Astrocytes:GFAP,glutamine synthetase
Schwann cells:S100
Oligodendrocytes:PDGF receptor alpha ,SOX10

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6
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Vascular lesions showing spindle-shaped cells with lymphocytic infiltration

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7
Q

pulmonary nodule that is ≤ 3 cm in diameter and composed of tumor cells that line the alveolar basement membrane without invading

A

Adenocarcinoma in situ

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8
Q

Smudge cells in a blood smear

A

CLL

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9
Q

Treatment of choice for legionella

A

Fluoroquinolone

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10
Q

DNA repair mechanism in radiation-induced damage

A

NHEJ can quickly repair dsDNA breaks regardless of the cell cycle phase, allowing for DNA repair of neurons that are permanently in the G0 phase.
HEJ can repair in G2 phase and S phase so unable to repair radiation-induced damage in mature neurons, which are permanently arrested in the G0 phase.

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11
Q

In which cell cycle phases ?
Which DNA repair mechanism?

A

All: base excision, NHEJ
G1:nucleotide excision repair
S and G2:MMR, HEJ

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12
Q

Which disease is contributed to Errors in ubiquitination

A

Parkinson disease

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13
Q

Urine sweet odor

A

MSUD
deficiency of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase
ACCUMULATION OF LEUCINE,ISOLEUCINE,VALINE

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14
Q

Urine musty odor

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency

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15
Q

homocystinuria caused by deficiency in methionine synthase?

Decreased methionine concentration
elevated serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate

A

homocystinuria caused by cystathionine synthase deficiency?

elevated methionine

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16
Q

Tay-Sachs disease.

A

Decreased hexosaminidase A