Uworld hints Flashcards
Polygenic inheritance
type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, androgenic alopecia, atopy, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer diseas
What is the preferred agent for muscle relaxation in patients who have impaired renal or hepatic function?
atracurium
organ-independent elimination: enzymatic hydrolysis (70%) Hofmann elimination (30%)
cytochrome-P450 inhibitor
Ginkgo biloba
Omeprazole
inducer of the cytochrome-P450
Griseofulvin
Immunophenotyping
Neurons:CD45,GFAP
Radial glial: vimentin,nestin,GFSP
microglia:CD11b,40,45,68
Astrocytes:GFAP,glutamine synthetase
Schwann cells:S100
Oligodendrocytes:PDGF receptor alpha ,SOX10
Kaposi sarcoma
Vascular lesions showing spindle-shaped cells with lymphocytic infiltration
pulmonary nodule that is ≤ 3 cm in diameter and composed of tumor cells that line the alveolar basement membrane without invading
Adenocarcinoma in situ
Smudge cells in a blood smear
CLL
Treatment of choice for legionella
Fluoroquinolone
DNA repair mechanism in radiation-induced damage
NHEJ can quickly repair dsDNA breaks regardless of the cell cycle phase, allowing for DNA repair of neurons that are permanently in the G0 phase.
HEJ can repair in G2 phase and S phase so unable to repair radiation-induced damage in mature neurons, which are permanently arrested in the G0 phase.
In which cell cycle phases ?
Which DNA repair mechanism?
All: base excision, NHEJ
G1:nucleotide excision repair
S and G2:MMR, HEJ
Which disease is contributed to Errors in ubiquitination
Parkinson disease
Urine sweet odor
MSUD
deficiency of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase
ACCUMULATION OF LEUCINE,ISOLEUCINE,VALINE
Urine musty odor
phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency
homocystinuria caused by deficiency in methionine synthase?
Decreased methionine concentration
elevated serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
homocystinuria caused by cystathionine synthase deficiency?
elevated methionine
