UWorld Flashcards
Which type of dementia affects the medial temporal lobe?
Alzheimer’s
“Anthony’s grandpa loved eating meat and was lost in time”
What type of dementia affects the frontal and temporal lobes?
Frontotemporal
What type of dementia causes ventriculomegaly?
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
What type of dementia causes white matter changes on imaging?
Vascular
What’s the difference between caput succedaneum vs. cephalohematoma?
Caput crosses suture lines
“Caput is not caput”
Which disease causes cafe au lait spots, axillary freckles, Lisch nodules, and peripheral neural sheath tumors?
Neurofibromatosis 1
What disease can cause bilateral trigeminal neuralgia?
MS
Above what level of the spinal cord must be injured for autonomic dysreflexia to occur?
T6
What condition causes severe back pain, fever, and elevated ESR, and requires urgent back MR?
Spinal epidural abscess
Could gentamicin cause vertigo and hearing loss?
Yes (aminoglycoside toxicity)
How do you treat Bell’s palsy?
Glucocorticoids
Which antipsychotic can cause hyperprolactinemia?
Risperidone
Does increased prolactin cause decreased dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular pathway?
Yes
How does hypothyroidism lead to carpal tunnel?
Soft tissue thickening and mucinous infiltration of the nerve tunnel
T/F: Isotretinoin can cause increased ICP/
True
What congenital disorder presents with early onset stroke, marfanoid body habitus, light hair and eyes, and vision problems?
Homocystinuria
What’s the tx for homocystinuria?
B6, folate, and B12 supplementation
What can present like Bell’s palsy but also has parotid gland swelling?
Sarcoidosis
What presents with a young infant with failure to thrive, bilateral cataracts, and jaundice?
Galactosemia (galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase deficiency)
What can IV drug use lead to with the spine (and would present with lower leg weakness)?
Spinal epidural abscess
What etiology of increased ICP occurs in AIDS patients with CD4 counts <400 and causes papular skin lesions and is diagnosed with India ink?
Cryptococcus neoformans
What’s the tx for status epilepticus (seizure lasting 5+ min or 2+ seizures in which the patient does not completely regain consciousness)?
Fosphenytoin, Phenytoin, Levetiracetam, Valproic acid
What medications can cause acute dystonia?
Antipsychotics, particularly haloperidol and fluphenazine
What’s the antidote for acute dystonia?
Benztropine
Which type of dementia would present with executive dysfunction, asymmetric reflexes, and urinary incontinence?
Vascular
T/F: childhood breath-holding spells are a variant of vasovagal syncope due to autonomic dysfunction?
True
Is Guillain-Barre a neuromuscular junction or peripheral nerve disorder?
Peripheral nerve (autoimmune demyelination)
What artery is torn in an epidural hematoma?
MMA
“You need an epidural from the pain of fighting MMA”
Which has immediate sx: epidural or subdural hematoma?
Epidural
What’s the tx for meningioma?
Surgical resection
Which level is the peroneal nerve?
L5
What meds do you initiate after TIA?
Aspirin & statin
What part of the brain is involved in pronator drift?
Pyramidal/corticospinal tract
Can a single ring-enhancing lesion be a brain abscess?
Yes
What should you check to see if a patient has before giving sumatriptan?
Coronary artery disease (risk of vasospasm)
Can copper deficiency cause peripheral neuropathy and skin depigmentation?
Yes
What’s a rare complication of aortic dissection that can cause anterior cord syndrome?
Anterior spinal cord ischemia
What can cause central cord syndrome?
Whiplash injuries in older adults with underlying spondylosis
What’s a good tx for fibromyalgia?
Amitryptyline
Which disease affects ACh receptor antibodies?
Myasthenia Gravis
