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Neurology Shelf > UWorld > Flashcards

UWorld Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of dementia affects the medial temporal lobe?

A

Alzheimer’s

“Anthony’s grandpa loved eating meat and was lost in time”

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2
Q

What type of dementia affects the frontal and temporal lobes?

A

Frontotemporal

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3
Q

What type of dementia causes ventriculomegaly?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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4
Q

What type of dementia causes white matter changes on imaging?

A

Vascular

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5
Q

What’s the difference between caput succedaneum vs. cephalohematoma?

A

Caput crosses suture lines

“Caput is not caput”

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6
Q

Which disease causes cafe au lait spots, axillary freckles, Lisch nodules, and peripheral neural sheath tumors?

A

Neurofibromatosis 1

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7
Q

What disease can cause bilateral trigeminal neuralgia?

A

MS

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8
Q

Above what level of the spinal cord must be injured for autonomic dysreflexia to occur?

A

T6

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9
Q

What condition causes severe back pain, fever, and elevated ESR, and requires urgent back MR?

A

Spinal epidural abscess

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10
Q

Could gentamicin cause vertigo and hearing loss?

A

Yes (aminoglycoside toxicity)

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11
Q

How do you treat Bell’s palsy?

A

Glucocorticoids

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12
Q

Which antipsychotic can cause hyperprolactinemia?

A

Risperidone

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13
Q

Does increased prolactin cause decreased dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular pathway?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How does hypothyroidism lead to carpal tunnel?

A

Soft tissue thickening and mucinous infiltration of the nerve tunnel

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15
Q

T/F: Isotretinoin can cause increased ICP/

A

True

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16
Q

What congenital disorder presents with early onset stroke, marfanoid body habitus, light hair and eyes, and vision problems?

A

Homocystinuria

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17
Q

What’s the tx for homocystinuria?

A

B6, folate, and B12 supplementation

18
Q

What can present like Bell’s palsy but also has parotid gland swelling?

A

Sarcoidosis

19
Q

What presents with a young infant with failure to thrive, bilateral cataracts, and jaundice?

A

Galactosemia (galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase deficiency)

20
Q

What can IV drug use lead to with the spine (and would present with lower leg weakness)?

A

Spinal epidural abscess

21
Q

What etiology of increased ICP occurs in AIDS patients with CD4 counts <400 and causes papular skin lesions and is diagnosed with India ink?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

22
Q

What’s the tx for status epilepticus (seizure lasting 5+ min or 2+ seizures in which the patient does not completely regain consciousness)?

A

Fosphenytoin, Phenytoin, Levetiracetam, Valproic acid

23
Q

What medications can cause acute dystonia?

A

Antipsychotics, particularly haloperidol and fluphenazine

24
Q

What’s the antidote for acute dystonia?

A

Benztropine

25
Q

Which type of dementia would present with executive dysfunction, asymmetric reflexes, and urinary incontinence?

A

Vascular

26
Q

T/F: childhood breath-holding spells are a variant of vasovagal syncope due to autonomic dysfunction?

A

True

27
Q

Is Guillain-Barre a neuromuscular junction or peripheral nerve disorder?

A

Peripheral nerve (autoimmune demyelination)

28
Q

What artery is torn in an epidural hematoma?

A

MMA

“You need an epidural from the pain of fighting MMA”

29
Q

Which has immediate sx: epidural or subdural hematoma?

A

Epidural

30
Q

What’s the tx for meningioma?

A

Surgical resection

31
Q

Which level is the peroneal nerve?

A

L5

32
Q

What meds do you initiate after TIA?

A

Aspirin & statin

33
Q

What part of the brain is involved in pronator drift?

A

Pyramidal/corticospinal tract

34
Q

Can a single ring-enhancing lesion be a brain abscess?

A

Yes

35
Q

What should you check to see if a patient has before giving sumatriptan?

A

Coronary artery disease (risk of vasospasm)

36
Q

Can copper deficiency cause peripheral neuropathy and skin depigmentation?

A

Yes

37
Q

What’s a rare complication of aortic dissection that can cause anterior cord syndrome?

A

Anterior spinal cord ischemia

38
Q

What can cause central cord syndrome?

A

Whiplash injuries in older adults with underlying spondylosis

39
Q

What’s a good tx for fibromyalgia?

A

Amitryptyline

40
Q

Which disease affects ACh receptor antibodies?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

Neurology Shelf (8 decks)

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