UWorld Flashcards
Streptomycin mechanism
Inhibits initiation of protein synthesis by binding to and distorting the structure of the prokaryotic 30S ribosomal subunit. (aminoglycoside class)
Screening for carcinoid syndrome
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (Breakdown product of carcinoid syndrome)
Screening for mast cell degranulation
Tryptase (specific to mast cells)
Melanocytes are derived from what tissue
Neural crest
Aortic regurgitation
early diastolic murmur
most common cause of aortic reguritation
aortic root dilation (murmur is often best heard at the right sternal border) or bicuspid aortic valve
Goodpasture syndrome
C3 and IgG are deposited along the glomerular basement membrane. IF shows linear deposits of these complexes
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Preceded by skin or pharyngeal infections with group A beta-hemolytic streptocci.
IF shows diffuse granular pattern of IgG and C3 depostis within the glomerular capillary walls and mesangium
Rifampin
Halts bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing transcription of DNA into mRNA
Streptomycin uses
Mycobacterial
Yersinia pestis
Tularemia
Ciprofloxacin drug class
Fluoroquinolone.
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Isoniazid action
antimycobacterial agent inhibiting synthesis of mycolic acids
Burkitts lymphoma
t8;14
c-myc: nuclear phosphoprotein functioning as a transcription activator controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis
Ig heavy chain region
Follicular lymphoma
t14;18
bcl-2 gene: apoptosis inhibitor protein
CML
t9;22
BCR-abl: fusion gene encoding a proteint hat inhibits apoptosis while promoting mitogenesis and increased tyrosine kinase activity
Mantle cell lymphoma
t11;14
cyclin D1: promoter of G1 to S phase
Wilson disease mechanism
inadeq. hepatic copper excretion and failure of copper to enter circulation as ceruloplasmin.
Wilson disease s/s
Copper is Hella BAD
Cirrhosis, corneal deposits (kayser-Fleisher rings)
Hemolytic anemia
Basal ganglia degeneration (parkinsonian symptoms
Asterixis
Dementia, dyskinesia, dysarthria
Indicator of mitral stenosis severity
A2-OS interval, shorter is worse
Myocardian stunning
less severe form of ischemia-induced reversible loss of contractile function than hibernation.
Brief ischemic episodes
Ischemic pre-conditioning
development of resistance to infarction by cardiac myocytes previously exposed to repetitive non-lethal ischemia
Myocardial hibernation
persistentnt or repetitive low flow state, that can be reversed by reperfusion
Parts of tRNA
tRNA anticodon site-ribosome complex selects soley upon its anticodon sequence, red in teh 3’ to 5’ direction
D loop-dihydrouracil residues used for recognition by proper aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Variable loop
Tarm-contains TpsiC loop necessary for binding of tRNA to ribosomes. Has thymidine,pseudouridine, cytidine residues. ONLY RNA SPECIES CONTAINING NUCLEOSIDE THYMIDINE
Acceptor stem-CCA hanging off 3’ end with hydroxyl accepting amino acid by aminnoacyl tRNA synthetase action
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency symptoms
beriberi and wernicke syndrome