UWorld 2 Flashcards
What should the target fasting glucose level be for pregnant women with GDM?
Less than or equal to 95
What should the target 1-hour postprandial glucose level be for pregnant women with GDM?
Less than or equal to 140
What should the target 2-hour postprandial glucose level be for pregnant women with GDM?
Less than or equal to 120
What are the first and second line treatments for GDM?
- Diet & exercise
2. Insulin
Does insulin cross the placenta?
No
What does the “BECALM” acronym stand for in management of shoulder dystocia (shoulder can’t be delivered)?
Breathe, do not push Elevate legs & flex hips Call for help Apply suprapubic pressure Larger with episiotomy Maneuvers
What’s the definition of chronic HTN?
Systolic 140+ and/or diastolic 90+ prior to conception or up to 20 weeks gestation
What’s the definition of gestational HTN?
New onset elevated BP at 20+ weeks gestation; no proteinuria or end organ damage though
What’s the definition of preeclampsia?
New onset elevated BP at 20+ weeks gestation and proteinuria or signs of end-organ damage
What’s the definition of eclampsia?
Preeclampsia and new-onset grand mal seizures
What’s the definition of chronic HTN with superimposed preeclampsia?
Chronic HTN and 1 of the following:
- New onset proteinuria or worsening of proteinuria at 20+ weeks
- Sudden worsening of HTN
- Signs of end organ damage
Is preterm labor a risk of HTN?
Yes
What is preterm rupture of membranes associated with?
Genital tract infection
What placental condition is caused when the placental villi attach to the myometrium rather than the uterine decidua?
Placenta accreta “My, this accret really sucks without deciduous trees”
What vitamin deficiency is associated with neural tube defects?
Folate
What condition presents with painless vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks gestation?
Placenta previa
What is the cause of placenta previa?
The placenta is covering the cervix
What condition causes vaginal bleeding and contractions, and is caused by the separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to fetal delivery?
Placental abruption
What’s the definition of preterm labor?
Cervical dilation 3+cm or effacement with regular painful uterine contractions, at <37 weeks gestation
What is the common pathogen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy?
E. Coli
What are the 3 best abx for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy?
- Cephalexin
- Amox-clav
- Nitrofurantoin
What fetal defects do fluoroquinolones cause?
Bone
“fluoro-ide on your tooth bones”
What fetal defects do tetracyclines cause?
Grey teeth
Why is TMP-SMX contraindicated during the first and third but not second trimester?
It can interfere with folic acid metabolism in the first trimester, and it can cause kernicterus in the third trimester
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
Severe nausea/vomiting during pregnancy
What’s a risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum?
Twin gestation
Is hyperemesis gravidarum more prevalent in young or older women?
Younger
What’s the empiric treatment for chlamydia & gonorrhea?
Azithromycin + Ceftriaxone
Which antibiotic covers chlamydia?
Azithromycin
What is candida intertrigo?
Candida in skin folds
What’s the treatment for candida?
Topical azoles
What’s the treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa?
Doxycycline
What’s the treatment for condyloma acuminata (HPV complication)?
Trichloroacetic acid
CA-125 is a tumor marker for epithelial ________ carcinoma?
Ovarian
Why do hydatidiform moles cause theca lutein ovarian cysts?
Due to the increased B-hCG levels
What’s the treatment for hydatidiform mole?
Suction curettage
What birth defects does Valproate cause?
Neural tube defects
What’s a good option for bipolar patients to switch to from valproate?
Lamotrigine
What birth defects does Carbamazepine cause?
Neural tube defects
What can lithium rarely cause in a fetus?
Ebstein anomaly
Which hormone surges before ovulation?
LH
What might cause the inability to void 6+ hours after vaginal delivery and dribbling urine?
Postpartum urinary retention
What’s the diagnosis and treatment of postpartum urinary retention?
Urethral catheterization
What’s a chronic inflammatory disease common in postmenopausal women that presents with pale thinning of the vulva with fissures?
Lichen sclerosus
What’s the treatment for lichen sclerosus?
Topical corticosteroids
What should you do if you suspect lichen sclerosus?
Punch biopsy to rule out cancer
What’s the treatment for patients with syphilis who are allergic to penicillin?
Skin testing and penicillin desensitization
