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UW3 (2020) > UW3 (11 Nephro) > Flashcards

UW3 (11 Nephro) Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior Urethral Valve
• Symptoms? 3
• US finding?
• Additional study? 2

A
  • Bladder distension
  • Weak urine stream
  • Recurrent UTI
  • L+R Hydronephrosis
  • Bladder = thick & dilated
  • Proximal urethra dilation
  • Voiding CystoUrethrogram
  • Cystoscopy
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2
Q

Bacturia / Cystitis @ pregnancy

  • Treatment? 4
  • Medications to avoid?
A

1) Amoxicillin / Augmentin
2) Nitrofurantoin (avoid at term / hemolytic anemia)
3) Cephalexin
4) Fosfomycin
5) No FQ or Bactrim

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3
Q

Renal Colic @ pregnancy

  • Initial diagnostic? 2
  • Management? 3
A
  • US kidney
  • US TV
  • Observation
  • Empiric treatment
  • MR/CT urogram
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4
Q

Renal Cell Carcinoma

  • Risk factors? 3
  • Lab?
  • Management?
A
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension

• Erythrocytoma (erythropoietin ↑)

  • CT abdomen
  • Nephrostomy (thick irregular enhanced septa
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5
Q

Asymptomatic
Ca < 12, PTH n↑, UCa ↓

Diagnosis?

A

Familial HypoCalciuric HyperCalcemia

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6
Q

Electrolyte abnormality

  • DTR ↑
  • Muscle cramp
  • Convulsion
  • DTR ↓
  • Paralysis
  • Nausea
  • Vomit
  • Asystole
  • Weakness
  • Rhabdomyo
  • CPK ↑
A
  • Ca ↓
  • Mg ↑
  • K ↑
  • PO4 ↓
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7
Q

Kidney Stone (management)

1) Stable < 5mm
2) Stable < 10mm
3) Stable > 10mm
4) Unstable / Persistent pain / AKI / Sepsis
5) Size > 10 + Uncontrolled pain + No passage within 4-6w

A

1) Spontaneous

2) IVF + Pain med
Alpha blocker / CCB
No admission

3) Lithotripsy
Urethral stent

4) Nephrostomy
Urethral stent

5) Urology consult

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8
Q

Na ↓ @ CHF (management) 2

A

1) Water restriction

2) Tolvaptan

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9
Q

Post Strep GlomeruloNephritis

  • UA result?
  • Lab result?
A
  • UA: RBC & WBC cast

* Complement ↓

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10
Q

SLE Nephritis

  • UA result?
  • Lab test?
  • What to do before treatment?
A
  • UA = RBC / Cast
  • ProteinUria > 500 mg/d
  • Cr ↑ / dsDNA Ab ↑ / Complement ↓
  • Biopsy before treatment
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11
Q

RenoVascular Disease

  • Indications?
  • Diagnostic?
A
  • HTN uncontrolled 3+ meds
  • BP > 180/120 + Age > 55y
  • Diffuse Atherosclerosis
  • Recurrent flash pulmonary edema
  • Abdominal bruit
  • Cr ↑ > 30% after ACE-I/ARB

• US&raquo_space; CTA/MRI

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12
Q

Patient had recent URTI, now has hematuria and flank pain. Suspecting IgA Nephropathy.

Poor prognosis indication? 2

A
  • Hypertension

* U-protein > 1g/24h

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13
Q

Renal cell carcinoma
Type of surgery for:

  • Confined within capsule
  • Beyond capsule / Within Gerota’s fascia
A
  • Partial nephrectomy

* Radical nephrectomy

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14
Q

Analgesic Nephropathy

UA results?

A

• RBC / Protein / WBC / WBC cast

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15
Q

Cyoglobulinemia

  • Sympptoms? 2
  • Risk? 3
  • Lab results? 2
  • UA finding? 3
A
  • Palpable purpura
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Hep C / IVDU
  • AutoImmune
  • Infection
  • RF ↑
  • Complement ↓
  • RBC cast
  • WBC cast
  • ProteinUria
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16
Q
  • Dysuria
  • Post void dribble
  • Dyspareunia
  • Hematuria
  • Recurrent UTI

Anterior vaginal mass
• Tender
• Bloody
• Purulent

Diagnosis?

A

Female Urethral Diverticulum

  • UA + UC
  • MRI / US-TV
17
Q

Most common proteinuria @ adolescent

  • Diagnosis?
  • Test & results?
A

• Orthostatic ProteinUria

Split 24h urine protein
• Day protein = ↑
• Night protein = n

18
Q

Iron deficiency anemia @ ESRD

  • Management?
  • Goat?
A
  • Iron study before treatment
  • Fe IV @ Transferrin < 30% / Ferritin < 500
  • Erythropoietin @ ESRD + Hb < 10
  • Hb↑ 1.5-2 /1m
  • Hb 10-11.5
19
Q

UTI in children

  • Diagnostic test indication? 3
  • Diagnostic tests? 2
A
  • Age < 24m
  • Fever
  • 1st UTI

• US kidney & bladder / VCUG

20
Q

HepatoRenal

  • Cause?
  • Why do US?
  • Why do paracentesis?
  • Treatment? 4
A
  • Renal perfusion ↓
  • r/o urinary obstruction
  • SBP if WBC > 250

1) IVF
2) Octreotide
3) Midodrine
4) Norepinephrine

21
Q

Bladder cancer

  • Risk? 6
  • Diagnosis? 3
A
  • Hematuria
  • Age > 40
  • Male
  • Smoker
  • Pelvic irradiation
  • Aniline dye

1) UA
2) Cystostoscopy
3) US / UT urogem / MRI

22
Q

Renal transplant complication? Why is this important?

3 causes?

A

DM2 – mortality ↑

  • Steroid use - Insulin sensitivity ↓
  • Calcineurin inhibitor - Insulin secretion ↓
  • Renal function ↑ - Insulin excretion ↑ & gluconeogenesis ↑
23
Q

PCKD-AD

  • Symptoms? 5
  • Management? 4
A
  • HTN
  • Hematuria
  • Proteinuria
  • L+R flank pain/fullness
  • Renal insufficiency

1) Counseling  US screen
2) ACE-I / Statin
3) Dialysis
4) Kidney transplant

24
Q

HypoNatremia @ SIADH

  • Lab results? 4
  • Management? 5
A
  • Na ↓
  • Sosm < 275
  • Uosm > 100
  • U-Na > 40

1) Fluid restriction
2) Salt
3) Loop diuretics
4) Demeclocycline > Lithium
5) 3% NS

25
Q

Recurrent UTI

Prophylaxis indication? 2

A
  • UTI > 2 / 6m

* UTI > 3 / 1y

26
Q

HyperThyrodism induced HypoNatremia

Treatment?

A
  • No treatment

* Continue thyroid med

27
Q

HypoNatremia (evaluation)

A

1) Sosm > 290 = Gluc ↑/ Kidney failure
2) Uosm < 100 = 1° Polydipsia / Malnutrition
3) U-Na < 25 = Volume ↓ / CHF / Cirrhosis
4) U-Na > 25 = SIADH / Adrenal insufficiency / HypoThyroidism

28
Q

Urinary retention

SupraPubic cath indication? 3

A
  • Trauma
  • Surgery
  • Failed Foley cath

UW3 (2020) (19 decks)

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