UW Flashcards
1
Q
Br pigment Gallstone enzyme
A
beta-glucuronidase
2
Q
GLUT-1,2,3,& 5
A
Brain, intestine, RBC, kidney, liver
3
Q
GLUT-4
A
Muscle cells, adipocytes
4
Q
PEP carboxykinase convert OXA
A
GTP
5
Q
F2,6BP activates
A
PK1
6
Q
F2,6BP inhibits
A
F1,6Bisphosphatase
7
Q
SIADH
A
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
8
Q
Il-12 stimulates
A
CD4+ T cells
9
Q
Carcinold depletes
A
tryptophan
10
Q
anaerobi glycolysis lactic acid role
A
inc H+ –>Lactic acidosis
11
Q
dec 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
A
dec O2 peripheral tissue
12
Q
aldose reductase is seen in what organs
A
ovarian, seminal vesicle, liver cells
13
Q
RET gene
A
MEN 2 marfanoid habitus
14
Q
metyrapone test
A
inc ACTH—> inhibit 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol
15
Q
familial hyperlipidemia III
A
defect ApoE
16
Q
Chloramphenicol
A
(bacteriostatic antibiotic) inhibits peptidyltransferase 50S
17
Q
Shock endotoxin is due
A
LPS–>CD14–>TNF a
18
Q
doxycycline
A
inhibit formation of 30S
19
Q
Clindamycin
A
50S ribosomal translocation
20
Q
Fluoroquinolones
A
inhibit bacterial TOP II/IV
21
Q
Calcium oxalate stone
A
hypercalciuria
22
Q
Arsenic toxicity antedote
A
Dimercaprol
23
Q
Chloride shift
A
Carbonic anhydrase
24
Q
Cholecalciferol
A
converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D
25
5'-AUG-3' complementary
5'-CAU'3
26
HGPRT deficiency dec conversion of ____
dec conversion 6-MP
27
Non-caseating granulomas secrete
1 a hydroxylas--->inc Ca2+
28
Bartonella henselae
Caseous necrosis lke TB, fungal infection
29
FAP
CH. 5 APC Gene, AD
30
follicular lymp
BCL-2, t:14;18
31
CML receptor, translocation, labs the one that low
BCR-ABL,tyrosine receptor; t:9;22, LAP low
32
BRAF receptor, gene
serine-threonine kinase
melanomas(some) Proto
33
BRCA1/2 mechanism
recombinational ds-DNA repair
34
GIST
c-KIT Proto
35
c-MYC
Burkitt t:8;14 starry sky
36
HER2/neu tx
Trastuzumab
37
Polycythemia vera receptor
JAK2
38
KRA-->next
polys, PTEn-->DCC--->TP53 colon CA
39
MEN1
3P's
40
HNPCC
MSH2/6/MLH1/MLH2
microsatellite instability
41
NF1
Ch 17, AD, variable expressivity
42
NF2
Ch 22 AD acoustic
43
RET
MEN2A/B
44
TP53 genetic inheritance
Pleiotropy
45
TSC1/2
AD, hamartin and tuberin
46
VHL
AD Ch3, RCC, cerebellar hemangioblastoma+retinal
47
DMD
XR, dystrophin, Frameshift
48
FBN1/2
marfan syndrom, AD-ch15., fibrilin, aortic dissection;AR-murmur
49
FMR1
Fragile X, Linked, CGG(TNR)
50
G6PD
XLR heniz bodies
51
Hemochromatosis
inc intestinal iron absorp, HCC
52
HTT
AD, CAG TNR---Ch4, anticpation, caudate nucleus
53
NFKB1/2
IKB release NFKB phosphorylation
54
PKHD1
Asso w/hepatic fibrosis
55
endodermal sinus tumor
AFP
56
Seminoma
ALP
57
Choriocarcinoma
hCG
58
Dygerminoma
LDH
59
bullous pemphigoid
anti-hemidesmosome, linear
60
Pemphigus vulgaris
Anti-desmosome-desmoglein 1 net like
61
GPA
c-ANCA PR3(anti-proteinasen 3
62
SLE
thrombocytopenia, increase peripheral destruction
63
DIL
Minocycline,Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Pencillamine
64
LES
paraneoplastic small cell lung CA
65
MG
Thymoma
66
Graves
anti-TSH receptor, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin
67
Hashimoto
anti-thyroperoxidase(anti-microsomal)
68
What phase of wound healing does contraction occur
3
69
Celiac
transglutaminase IgA
70
Primary membranous glomerulonephritis
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor
71
TTP
AntiADAMS13
72
ITP
Anti-GpIIb/IIIa
73
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
IgM against RBC(CMV and Mycoplasma) +Coombs test
74
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
IgG against RBcs(CLL, +Coombs
75
Aflatoxin--peanut farming in china
HCC
76
Aniline dyes
TCC bladder
77
Asbestio
RLD, ferruginous bodies-->mesothelioma--->Fibrosis ---> MO
78
Ethanol
esophagel squamous cell carcinoma+HCC
79
Nitrosamines
Gastric Ca
80
Vinyl chloride
Hepatic angiosarcoma
81
Small cell carcinoma of lung dz's
Cushiing
SIADH
LES
Cerebellar dysfx
82
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
PTHrp secretion
83
Prtostate, breast and lung CA metastasizes to
Spine/vertebrae
84
Prostate CA causes what type of metastases
osteoblastic
85
Choriocarcionma loves to travel where
Lung/brain
86
Gastric CA metastasize
ovaries--->Krukenberg tumors(signet)
87
Complement protein
C5a, IL-8, LTB-4, kallikrein, platelet activating factor--inflammy
88
bands neutrophil
bacterial infection
89
WBC >60
neutrophilic shift
90
Agranulocytosis drugs
clozpine, MTX, carbamazepine
91
Chronic inflammy who shows up
Macrophages
92
TNF alpha
inc vascular permeability and swelling
93
Scar contraction with wound healing
myofibroblast and MMP
94
CRP is made where Dr. G
liver
95
GM(glioblastoma multiforme
grade IV fibrillary astrocytoma
96
Aspergillus can produce
aflatoxin----> HCC
97
Primary CNS lymphoma @ CD4 ct <100uL
HIV
98
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Sarcoma botryoides
MC children bladder cancer
99
SNS bladder
relax--DM--->internal sphincter is contracted
100
PNS bladder mechanism
DM--->contracted; Internal sphincter is relaxed
101
Priapism is seen in
painful erection, sickle cell disease
102
103
Cryptorchidism what phase is responsible
MIS
104
Crytorchidism is assoc
AIS, Kallmann, CF
105
Cryptorchid risk factor
seminoma
106
Prehn sign elevation of scrotum dec pain
Epididymitis
107
Peripheral zone
DRE--Prostate adenocaricinoma
108
Transitional zone
BPH obstruction
109
Hypothalamic dysfxn
Kallmann syndroom---> 2nd hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,
110
111
Type II pneumocyte mechanism if type 1 is damage
Repair
112
Where doe TB live
Alveolar marchophage
113
Cell origin for small cell lung cancer
Kulchitsky cell
114
115
AIHA
Asso with CLL/SLE due antibodies
116
MR
MI papillary muscle rupture chordae tendineae
117
Amphetamine/methylphenidate
ADHD presynaptic release of dopamine and NER
118
Antagonism Beta adrenegric
Propranolol for anxiety
119
Carbamazepine, lamotrigine
Blocker of VGNA, mood stabilizer and antiepileptics
120
GABA-enhance the action
Benzodiazepines, barbiturates—-> panic disorder
121
Selective inhibition of uptake serotonin
Major depressive
122
Resp depression causes
Hypoventilation—> resp acidosis—> Po2 dec, PCO2 inc and A-a
123
Mechanically hyperventilation mechanism
Cerebral vc
124
125
Propafenone
Na+ channel blocker (class Ic antiarrhythmic)
126
Fluoxetine
Depression (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
127
Fluphenazine
Typical antipsychotiC
128
Mifepristone
Pregnancy termination (progesterone receptor antagonist
129
Misoprostol
Used with mifepristone for pregnancy termination (PGE1-synthetic analog)
130
Naloxone
Opioid receptor antagonist (treats toxicity)
131
Naltrexone
Opioid receptor antagonist (prevents relapse)
132
Nitroprusside
Hypertensive emergency ( cGMP/NO)
133
Nitroglycerin
Antianginal ( cGMP/NO)
134
Omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor (inhibits H+/K+-ATPase in parietal cells)
135
Ketoconazole
Antifungal (inhibits fungal sterol synthesis)
136
Aripiprazole
Atypical antipsychotic (D2 partial agonist)
137
Anastrozole
ER ⊕ breast cancer in postmenopausal women (aromatase inhibitor)
138
Rifaximin
Hepatic encephalopathy ( ammoniagenic bacteria)
139
Rifampin
Antituberculous drug/antimicrobial (inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
140
Sertraline
Depression, PTSD (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
Selegiline
141
Trazodone
Insomnia (blocks 5-HT2, α1-adrenergic, and H1 receptors); also weakly inhibits 5-HT reuptake
142
Selegiline
Parkinson disease (MAO-B inhibitor)
143
Tramadol
Chronic pain (weak opioid agonist)
144
Varenicline
Smoking cessation (nicotinic ACh receptor partial agonist)
145
Venlafaxine
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
146
Amiloride
K+-sparing diuretic
147
Amiodarone
K+ channel blocker (class III antiarrhythmic)
148
Amlodipine
Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker
149
Benztropine
Parkinson disease (cholinergic antagonist)
150
Bromocriptine
Parkinson disease (dopamine agonist; rarely used)
151
Buspirone
Generalized anxiety disorder (partial 5-HT1A-receptor agonist)
152
Bupropion
Depression, smoking cessation (NE-DA reuptake inhibitor)
153
Cimetidine
Gastritis, peptic ulcer (H2-receptor antagonist)
154
Cetirizine
Allergy (2nd-generation antihistamine)
155
Chloramphenicol
Antibiotic (blocks 50S subunit)
156
Chlordiazepoxide
Long-acting benzodiazepine
157
Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotic
158
Chlorpropamide
1st-generation sulfonylurea
159
Chlorpheniramine
1st-generation antihistamine
160
Chlorthalidone
Thiazide diuretic
161
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic
162
Clomipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant
163
Clomiphene
Infertility due to anovulation (selective estrogen receptor modulator in hypothalamus)
164
Clonidine
Hypertensive urgency, ADHD (α2-agonist)
165
Doxepin
Tricyclic antidepressant
166
Doxazosin
BPH, HTN (α1-antagonist)
167
Eplerenone
K+-sparing diuretic
168
Sensitivity
Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN)
169
Specificity
Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)
170
Positive predictive value
PPV = TP / (TP + FP)
171
Negative predictive value
NPV = TN / (TN + FN)
172
Volume of distribution
Vd = amount of drug in the body/ plasma drug concentration
173
Alpha-blocker
Doxazosin, —“osin” MOA selective alpha 1 blocker
174
-pril drugs MOA
ACE-inhibitors reduce ATII via inhibit ACE
175
Beta blockers
-lol…. Selective & non selective
176
Ca2+ channel blockers
Diltiazem, Verapamil MOA-coronary/peripheral VD
177
Ca2+ dihydropydrine Ca2+ blocker
-pine(Amolodpine, Felodipine, Nifedpipine
178
Alpha 1 agonist
Preload & B/P
179
Beta 1 agonist
Contractility
180
Bladder outlet obstruction in men
BPH
181
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad ( risk of thrombosis)
182
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), PLAP
183
Renal malignancy (in males)
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with tobacco smoking and VHL (clear cell subtype); paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
184
Actinic keratosis Precursor of
squamous cell carcinoma
185
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis
186
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis
187
Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ∼ 65, CML: adult 45–85
188
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL oncogene, tyrosine kinase activation), more rarely associated with ALL
t(9;22
189
