Uveitis (F) Flashcards
What are the three tunics of the eye?
- scleral
- uveal
- retinal
What are the three main aspects of uveitis to consider?
- anatomical location
- timing of inflammation
- etiology
What are the three parts of the uvea (and the function of each)?
- iris (light aperture)
- ciliary body (accommodation and aqueous production)
- choroid (nourishment to outer retina)
What are the types of anterior uveitis?
- iritis
2. iridocyclitis
What are the types of intermediate uveitis?
pars planitis (includes pars plana, peripheral retina and vitreous)
What are the types of posterior uveitis?
- choroiditis
- retinitis
- neuroretinitis
What is inflammation in the entire uveal tract without predominant site called?
panuveitis
What are the cutoffs for the time periods involved in duration of uveitis?
- limited (3 months)
2. persistent (>3 months)
What course of uveitis is sudden in onset and has limited duration?
acute
What course of uveitis comes back in
chronic
What course of uveitis comes back >3M after Tx D/C?
recurrent
What course of uveitis is inactive disease >3M after Tx D/C?
remission
What are the etiologies of inflammation of uveitis?
- autoimmune
- infectious
- trauma
- inherited
- idiopathic
- masquerading
How many cells per field are in each of the grades 0-4 in the anterior chamber?
- no cells
0.5+. 0-5 cells
1+. 6-15 cells
2+. 16-25 cells
3+. 26-50 cells
4+. >50 cells
What must occur in order for tapering off steroids to begin?
2 step improvement on AC cells scale and/or flare scale
What is the milky appearance of AC due to accumulation of proteins called? 1. What is it due to? 2
- flare
2. break down of blood-aqueous barrier
What are the descriptions for flare in the AC from grade 0-4?
- complete absence
- faint (barely detectable)
- moderate (iris and lens details clear)
- marked (iris and lens details hazy)
- intense (coagulation, fibrin in AC)
What are inflammatory cells the deposit on the corneal endothelium called? 1. How many days after inflammation starts does this occur? 2.
- keratic precipitates (KPs)
2. 2-3 days after
What are the three types of keratic precipitates (which are granulomatous?)?
- small, fine, discrete, white (non-granulomatous) 1mm
3. stellate (non-granulomatous)
What are mutton fat KPs composed of?
- epithelioid cells
2. mononuclear macrophages
When are stellate KPs seen?
- Fuchs heterochromia
2. Herpes
Where do KPs usually precipitate on the cornea? 1. What is the exception? 2
- inferior half
2. stellate KPs
What are iris adhesions due to protein and fibrin in AC called? 1. What is used to break the adhesion? 2
- synechia
2. cycloplegia
Are posterior synechia or peripheral anterior synechia more common?
PS
What is it called when the iris pigment is imprinted on the lens following a synechia? 1. What is it associated with if sectorial iris atrophy is also seen? 2
- Vossius ring
2. HZV
Which hypoyon is more fluid and not as flat?
hypoyon in Behcets disease
What are hemispheres of inflammatory cells that collect on the iris called?
iris nodules
What type of iris nodule is at the pupillary border (and is it granulomatous/ non or both)? 1. What type is on the anterior iris surface (granulomatous?)? 2. What type is in the angle (granulomatous?)? 3
- Koeppe (non-gran and granulomatous)
- Busacca (granulomatous)
- Berlin (granulomatous)
Does acute anterior uveitis have inc or dec IOP? 1. Why? 2
- decreased IOP
2. dec aqueous secretion
Does chronic anterior uveitis have inc or dec IOP? 1. Why? 2
- inc IOP
2. build up of cell in or inflammation of trabecular meshwork
What are the types of lens opacifications associated with anterior uveitis?
- epicapsular stars and/or pigment debris
2. posterior subcapsular cataract
What can cause posterior subcapsular cataracts that is involved in uveitis?
- chronic iritis
2. steroid treatment
What are the percent of anterior uveitis patients that have each of these signs:
- posterior synechiae
- cataract
- glaucoma due to PAS
- band keratopathy
- 30%
- 20%
- 15%
- 10%
What are the two essential corticosteroids to know for the treatment of uveitis?
- Pred forte (Prednisone acetate)
2. Letomax (Loteprednol etabonate)
What is the drug that puts the iris and ciliary body at rest and is used to break/prevent synechia?
cycloplegics
What are the aspects that are assessed to describe the type of uveitis?
- location
- laterality
- characteristic (granulomatous or non)
- course and duration
- patient demographics
Are HLA-B27 positive patients seropositive or seronegative? 1. What percentage of patients with anterior uveitis have are HLA-B27 positive? 2. Is treatment more or less aggressive? 3
- seronegative
- 50-60%
- more aggressive
What are the traits associated with anterior uveitis that is linked to HLA-B27 positive patients?
- fibinoid (stiff) hypopyon
- recurrent
- unilateral
- non-granulomatous
What percent of all uveitis cases are idiopathic? 1. Of anterior cases? 2
- 30%
2. 50%
What are the differential diagnoses for Fuch’s Heterochromic Iridocyclitis?
- congenital hypochromia
- congenital Horners
- iris nevus or melanoma
- unilateral topical prostaglandin analogue for glaucoma
What are the diseases associated with iridocyclitis and intermediate uveitis?
- intermediate uveitis (idiopathic)
- Fuch’s Heterochromic Iridocyclitis
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
What are the diseases associated with iridocyclitis with posterior inflammation?
- Sarcoidosis
- Ischemic ocular inflammation
- syphilis
What diseases cause ischemic ocular inflammation? 1. What are the ocular signs of this? 2
- giant cell arteritis and diabetic retinopathy
2. cells and flare, peripheral synechia, and sluggish pupils
What can the test ESR be used to diagnose?
vascular occlusive (AS and RA)
What can the test CBC be used to diagnose?
- bacterial vs viral
2. leukemia
What can the test ANA be used to diagnose?
1, JIA
- Sjogrens
- Lupus
What can the test RF be used to diagnose?
- RA
- Sjogrens
- Lupus
What can the test Anti-CCP be used to diagnose?
RA
What can the test CRP be used to diagnose?
presence of inflammation
What can the test VDRL be used to diagnose?
syphilis (current)
What can the test RPR be used to diagnose?
syphilis (current)
What can the test FTA be used to diagnose?
syphilis (past)
What can the test ACE be used to diagnose?
sarcoid, any other granulomatous diseases
What can the test PPD be used to diagnose?
TB
What are the malignancy masqueraders? 1. When are they included in DDx? 2
- Lymphoma, leukemia, retinoblastoma
2. chronic uveitis that is not responsive to steroids
What diseases result in the reduction in corneal sensitivity?
- herpes
- leprosy
- Reis-Bucklers Dystrophy
- Diabetes
- Tight CL (hypoxia)
What are the five things to perform for effective iritis management?
- check IOPs
- ask about previous ocular surgeries
- systemic work-up (if bilateral, chronic, or recurrent)
- treat aggressively to restore blood-aqueous barrier
- dilate and examine posterior pole
What are the six initial tests to run for a systemic work-up of iritis?
- CBC with diff (check lymph nodes too)
- SED rate (ESR)
- HLA-B27 antibody
- ANA
- FTA-ABS
- ACE