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Optho > Uvea > Flashcards

Uvea Flashcards

1
Q

Uvea

A

The uvea is the middle vascular area of the eye. Any inflammation in the eye is associated with these vessels and hence “uveitis” describes any intraocular inflammation.

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2
Q

anterior uvea

A

iris and ciliary body

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3
Q

posterior uvea

A

choroid (between the nervous retina and the sclera)

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4
Q

Iris

A

the vascular structure located in front of the lens and rests on it

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5
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the iris; controls how much light enters

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6
Q

Corpora nigra

A

lobulated structure at the superior pupillary margin and is the dilation and extension of the posterior iris epithelium through the pupil.

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7
Q

What controls the iris sphincter muscle

A

parasymp innervation + CN III

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8
Q

Iris Dilator muscle is under what control

A

sympathetic control and dilates the pupil.

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9
Q

greater arterial circle

A

only normal iris vessel seen as it meanders around the peripheral iris.

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10
Q

Ciliary Body

A

vascular structure located posterior to the base of the iris and is not normally seen when viewing through the pupil

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11
Q

PPMs – Persistent pupillary membranes

A

mbryologic remnants that fail to regress by 6 weeks of age. They may be incidental iris to iris PPMs, or pathologic iris to cornea or iris to lens PPMs causing focal cataracts on the lens or opacities on the corneal endothelium.

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12
Q

Iris atrophy

A

Atrophy of the iris sphincter prevents normal pupillary constriction and appears as scalloping of the pupillary margin.

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13
Q

Iris cysts

A

These are fluid filled, pigmented, transilluminating (light passes through) structures that form from the posterior iris epithelium and may enter the anterior chamber.

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14
Q

In American Bulldogs uveal cysts are associated with

A

inflammation (uveitis) and glaucoma.

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15
Q

In the Golden Retriever lightly pigmented uveal cysts

A

are considered early sign of pigmentary uveitis.

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16
Q

Synechia

A

Anterior synechia refers to the adhesion of the iris to the corneal endothelium and posterior synechia refers to the adhesion of the iris to the lens capsule. Synechia is usually the result of an inflammatory episode.

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17
Q

Iris freckles

A

focal areas of increased pigmentation without a change in the normal iris face architecture.

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18
Q

Iris freckles… in the cat

A

In cats they need to be monitored for change and progression to melanosis or melanoma.

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19
Q

Uveal (iris/ciliary) melanoma in the dog

A

usually benign but is catastrophic to the eye. Choroidal melanomas are reported to be benign, but the cases I have seen invaded the sclera or optic nerve. Melanomas that are focal and involve <25% of the iris may be surgically excised by a partial iridectomy.

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20
Q

treatment of uveal melanoma in the dog

A

Melanomas of the iris face may respond temporarily to diode laser treatment. Once glaucoma occurs enucleation is indicated. Histopathology should be performed to rule out more sinister disease such as histiocytic sarcoma. Met check should be performed pre-op.

21
Q

Anterior uveitis

A

iris & ciliary body - painful

22
Q

Posterior uveitis=

A

choroid

23
Q

Anterior & posterior uveitis

A

panuveitis

24
Q

Panophthalmitis

A

all layers of the eye

25
Q

clinical signs of anterior uveitis

A
  • *Blepharospasm
  • *Photophobia
  • *Miosis: constricted pupil
  • *Hypotony: low intraocular pressure
26
Q

Signs of chronic uveitis

A 
Keratic Precipitates
Posterior synechia
Cataract – any opacity of the lens
Lens luxation/subluxation
Rubeosis iridis (vessels on face of iris)
Iris hyperpigmentation
Iris degeneration
Secondary glaucoma
27
Q

Keratic Precipitates

A

Inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells & macrophages), fibrin, or pigment deposits on the corneal endothelium

28
Q

Posterior synechia:

A

Pupillary margin adhered to anterior lens capsule. A complete obstruction to aqueous flow through the pupillary opening into the anterior chamber due to complete posterior synechia of pupil margin is ‘iris bombe’. This is an emergency referral.

29
Q

Causes of Uveitis

A

primarily an ocular disease or the result of systemic disease

30
Q

Primary ocular neoplasia:

A

Most commonly uveal melanoma, ciliary adenoma /adenocarcinoma occur in dogs as primary ocular tumors. They generally do not metastasize but are destructive to eye resulting in enucleation.

31
Q

Pigmentary Uveitis what breed

A

goldens

32
Q

Pigmentary Uveitis

A

In any age group, pigment dispersion occurs on the anterior lens capsule with subsequent development of posterior synechia, cataracts and glaucoma. This is not a painful disease and very little inflammation is present.

33
Q

treatment of pigmentary uveitis

A

There is no specific treatment but daily topical prednisolone acetate and atropine are commonly used to delay the onset of glaucoma.

34
Q

early sign of pigmentary uveitis

A

Transilluminating uveal cysts are early indication of PU in the Golden Retriever.

35
Q

Uveitis is often present in Bassett Hounds with what

A

glaucoma

36
Q

Retinal detachment

A

may be due to a primary ocular disorder leading to the detachment such as: vitreal dysplasia and retinal tears in the Shih Tzu; Collie Eye Anomaly or vitreal traction bands in the Labrador.

37
Q

Uveodermatologic Syndrome

A

is an immune mediated disease with Akitas and Arctic breeds overrepresented, but it can occur in any breed.

38
Q

Clinical signs of uveodermatologic syndrome

A

Clinical signs are anterior uveitis, often with hyphema, uveal depigmentation, retinal separation/detachment, blindness and secondary glaucoma. Dermatologic signs follow ocular signs and include vitiligo of eyelids, nasal planum, lips, perineum, and footpads. Diagnosis is by skin biopsy or breed and clinical signs.

39
Q

Tick-borne diseases:

A

Ehrlichia, Rickettsia (RMSF), Lyme’s, Babesia

40
Q

Bacterial:

A

Leptospirosis, Brucella, Bartonella, Septicemia any cause

41
Q

Fungal

A

Histoplasma, Blastomycosis, Cryptococcus, Coccidiodes, Aspergillosis (GSD)

42
Q

Viral:

A

CAV 1, canine herpes (puppies), canine distemper virus

43
Q

Parasites

A

Toxoplasmosis, Neospora, ocular larval migrans, filariasis, opththalmomyiasis, Leishmania, E caniculi (rabbit & cat)

44
Q

Algae

A

Prototheca

45
Q

Treatment of uveitis (topicals)

A

Steroids: Topical steroids that penetrate the cornea are prednisolone acetate and dexamethasone.
NSAIDS: diclofenac or flurbiprofen

46
Q

treatment of uveitis (systemic)

A

Prednisone should be used only if infectious disease has been ruled out or after antibiotics have been initiated.
Systemic NSAIDs can be used if infectious disease precludes use of systemic steroids (avoid in cats).

47
Q

Cycloplegic Drugs

A

ATropine

48
Q

Antibiotics - systemic

A

Doxycycline is indicated if tick borne disease, leptospirosis or bartonella are suspected.
Clindamycin if toxoplasmosis is suspected.
Clavamox should be used if the uveitis is associated with recent dental extractions

49
Q

Topical antibiotics

A

ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol penetrate the intact cornea.

Optho (10 decks)

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