UTS Flashcards
an organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or supernatural,
along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices
(Haviland, 2007)
RELIGION
Concern with the sacred, as distinguished form natural material matter. In contrast to religion, this is open individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization (Haviland, 2007)
spirituality
A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence wherewe and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going
Myth
A culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions.
Ritual
Two types of rituals
Calendric, Crisis
This is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies. In a lot of cultures, health, wealth and daily things are related to this
supernatural
Enabling humans to explain the unexplainable
Cognitive Function
Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, death and other misfortunes
Emotional Function
social control, conflict resolution, and building group solidarity
social function
functions of religion
cognitive function, emotional function, social function
is based on the premise that the human person is motivated by a “will to meaning,” an inner pull to find a meaning in life.
Logotherapy
The following list of tenets represents basic principles of logotherapy:
- Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable ones.
- Our main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life.
- We have freedom to find meaning in what we do, and what we experience, or at least in the stand we take when faced with a situation of unchangeable suffering.
According to Frankl, “We can discover this meaning in life in three different ways:
(1) by creating a work or doing a deed;
(2) by experiencing something or encountering someone; and
(3) by the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering” and that “everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances”.
Assumptions of logotherapy
- The human being is an entity consisting of body, mind, and spirit.
- Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable.
- People have a will to meaning.
- People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to find meaning.
- Life has a demand quality to which people must respond if decisions are to be meaningful.
- The individual is unique.
identity was created primarily as a result of pre-colonial cultures, colonial influences and foreign traders intermixing and gradually evolving together. In pre-colonial times, the Philippines was a divided set of nations, islands and tribes being ruled by their own kings, chieftains, lakans, rajahs, datus and sultans.
Filipino Identity
list the 5 filipino values
- faith and religiosity
- joy and humour
- family orientation
- hospitality
- ability to survive
The Philippines is approximately 85 percent Christians (mostly Roman Catholic Christians), 10 percent Muslim, and 5 percent ‘other’ religions, including the Taoist-Buddhist religious beliefs of Chinese and the ‘indigenous’ animistic beliefs of some peoples in upland areas that resisted 300 years of Spanish colonial rule. This reflects the Filipinos’ strong faith in God as seen in their various practices.
Faith and religiosity
This famous trait is the ability of Filipinos to find humour in everything. It sheds light on the optimism and positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in so as to remain determined in going through struggles or challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the same way a child who has fallen laughs at himself/herself to hide his/her embarrassment.
Joy and humuor
The basic and most important unit of a Filipino’s life is the family. Unlike in Western countries, young Filipinos who turn 18 are not expected to move out of their parents’ home. When a Filipino’s parents are old and cannot take care of themselves, they are cared for in their children’s homes and are very rarely brought by their children to Homes for the Aged.
family orientation
Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of Filipinos going out of their way to help them when lost, or the heartwarming generosity of a Filipino family hosting a visitor in their poverty-stricken home. Meanwhile, most foreigners who attend Filipino gatherings abroad (which are frequently organized for hundreds of reasons) testify to the warmth and friendliness of Filipinos as they experience that feeling of “belongingness.”
hospitality
The Filipinos as a people who have been constantly under the rule of numerous powerful countries has over time, developed a sense of resourcefulness or the ability to survive with whatever they have. They have the extraordinary ability to make something out of almost nothing. If a Filipino was given just a screwdriver, plastic bags, and some tape, he would still be able to build a bird tree, especially for the sake of survival, and provided that he be allowed to hunt for some needed surrounding material.
ability to survive
Filipino community
- language and communication
- religion and faith groups
- food and dietary guidelines
- family structure
some of the notable Institutions that promote regulations and mandate to the Filipinos:
- Department of Labor and Employment
- Department of Tourism
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources
- Department of Trade and Industry
- Department of Public Works and Highways
system is the human organ system responsible for the production and fertilization of gametes (sperm or eggs) and, in females, the carrying of a fetus.
reproductive system
Male and female reproductive systems have organs that produce gametes
gonads
haploid cell that combines with another haploid gamete during fertilization, forming a single diploid cell called a zygote. Besides producing gametes, the gonads also produce sex hormones.
gamete
are endocrine hormones that control the development of sex organs before birth, sexual maturation at puberty, and reproduction once sexual maturation has occurred.
sex hormones
occurs during puberty when hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland stimulate the testes or ovaries to start producing sex hormones again.
maturation
main sex hormones of women and male
estrogen and testosterone respectively
is a tubular organ that contains the urethra and has the ability to stiffen during sexual arousal. Sperm passes out of the body through the urethra during a sexual climax (orgasm). This release of sperm is called ejaculation. The male reproductive system consists of several ducts and glands that are internal to the body
penis
is the fluid that carries sperm through the urethra and out of the body. It contains substances that control pH and provide sperm with nutrients for energy.
semen
start near the ovaries and end at the uterus = Their function is to transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. If an egg is fertilized, it usually occurs while it is traveling through a Fallopian tube.
two fallopian tubes
is a pear shaped muscular organ that functions to carry a fetus until birth. It can expand greatly to accommodate a growing fetus, and its muscular walls can contract forcefully during labor to push the baby out of the uterus and into the vagina.
uterus
is a tubular tract connecting the uterus to the outside of the body. The vagina is where sperm are usually deposited during sexual intercourse and ejaculation. The vagina is also called the birth canal because a baby travels through the vagina to leave the body during birth.
vagina
spearheaded the study of human sexual response in the late 1960’s. Their study which was the center of controversy at that time provided scientific knowledge to the one of the world’s most tabooed topic – the human sexual response
William Masters and Virginia Johnson
four phases of sexual response cycle
excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
General characteristics of the excitement phase, which can last from a few minutes to several hours, include the following:
● Muscle tension increases.
● Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated.
● Nipples become hardened or erect.
● Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in swelling of the woman’s clitoris and labia minora (inner lips), and erection of the man’s penis.
● Vaginal lubrication begins.
● The woman’s breasts become fuller and the vaginal walls begin to swell.
● The man’s testicles swell, his scrotum tightens, and he begins secreting a lubricating liquid.
excitement
General characteristics of the plateau phase, which extends to the brink of orgasm, include the following:
● The changes begun in phase 1 are intensified.
● The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow, and the vaginal walls turn a dark purple.
● The woman’s clitoris becomes highly sensitive (may even be painful to touch) and retracts under the clitoral hood to avoid direct stimulation from the penis.
● The man’s testicles tighten.
● Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure continue to increase.
● Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and hands.
plateau
climax of the sexual response cycle.
It is considered the shortest of the phases and lasts only a few seconds. Characteristics would include the following:
● Involuntary muscle contractions begin.
● Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are at their highest rates, with a rapid intake of oxygen.
● Muscles in the feet spasm.
● There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual tension.
● In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus also undergoes rhythmic contractions.
● In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis result in the ejaculation of semen.
● A rash, or “sex flush” may appear over the entire body.
orgasm
The body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning. The swelled and erect body parts return to their previous size and color.
Women are capable of a rapid return to the orgasm phase with further sexual stimulation and may experience multiple orgasms Masters (1966)
resolution
, people no longer consume goods and services merely for functional satisfaction
consumer culture
has become increasingly more meaning-based; brands are often used as symbolic resources for the construction and maintenance of identity. Consumers use brands and products to express their identities.
consumption
Impression management pressures and the desire to present an authentic sense of self through tactics such as creating a profile that reflected their “ideal self,” and attempted to establish the veracity of their identity claims.
Self – Presentation (Impression Management)
states also known as SIP, is an interpersonal communication theory and media studies theory developed in 1992 by Joseph Walther.
explains online interpersonal communication without nonverbal cues and how people develop and manage relationships in a computer-mediated environment
argues that online interpersonal relationships may demonstrate the same relational dimensions and qualities as FtF relationships. These online relationships may help facilitate interactions that would not have occurred face-to-face due to factors such as geography and intergroup anxiety.
SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY
involves the processes by which people control how they are perceived by others. People are more motivated to control how others perceived them when they believe that their public images are relevant to the attainment of desired goals, the goals for which their impressions are relevant are valuable, and a discrepancy exists between how they want to be perceived and how other people perceive them.
impression management (self presentation)
you are who you are and what you do
identity
Shorthand for network etiquette, and is the set of rules that determines how to properly communicate and browse the web.
One important part of netiquette concerns your online safety. By following these basic rules and tips you will avoid most online threats such as phishing attempts, malware infections and more.
netiquette
5 internet safety tipcs
- Keep your software/apps updated and delete the ones you don’t use.
- Be careful when dealing with emails from unknown sources
- Don’t click that link or online ad
- Just because it’s free, it doesn’t mean it’s safe
