UTRI

Question 1

viral vs bacterial vs fungal causes

Answer 1

viral: comes and goes, usually self-limiting, no treatment
bacterial: already there as commensals, most infections are opportunistic infections from primary viral infections, can be fatal, treated with antibiotics
fungal: not as common as the other 2.

Question 2

common bacterial commensals (and therefore the ones that normally result in infection)

Answer 2

• pneumococcus
• haemophilus
• moraxella
• staph

Question 3

3 treatments of viral infection

Answer 3

1. time
2. clear fluids + sugar
3. paracetemol

Question 4

complications of antibiotics (that sometimes outweighs the benefits)

Answer 4

• diarrhoea
• oral thrush
• nappy rash
• allergic reaction
• multi-resistance
• infection from other bacteria due to us wiping out the normal commensals and giving others the chance to colonize

Question 5

common UTRIs

Answer 5

• Rhinitis
• Otitis media
• Tonsilitis/pharyngitis
• croup/epiglottis

Question 6

rhinitis symptoms and is the prondrome (leading condition) to 3 other diseases

Answer 6

• common in winter months
• usually self-limiting
  prondrome:
  1. pneumonia/bronchiolitis
  2. meningitis
  3. septicaemia

Question 7

2 causes of tonsillitis/phrayngitis and their treatments

Answer 7

1. viral case (Epstein-Barr infection) - antibacs don’t work, give time, fluids+sugars, paracetemol
2. bacterial cause (streoptococcus pyogenes –> strep throat) - treat with penicillin (DO NOT give amoxycillin)

Question 8

differences between croup and epiglottis
* the starting symptoms are quite similar for these two symptoms but one is common while the other is fatal, and the wrong diagnosis and wrong treatment can come at the life of your patients

Answer 8

Croup:

• cause: Para flu (viral)
• common
• well
• symptoms: coryza (inflammation), stridor, hoarse voice, barking cough, worse at night (9PM)
• treatment: oral dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory steroid)

epiglottis:
- cause: H. influenzae type B
- rare
- toxic, life threatening
- symptoms: stridor, drooling
- treatment: intubation and antibiotics

Question 9

are UTRIs self-limiting

Answer 9

yes
99% self-limiting, usually caused by viruses
and antibiotics usually don’t help much

Question 10

under what 2 conditions would you give a child IV treatments in asthma?

Answer 10

1. child is vomiting

2. child is extremely hypoxic

Question 11

what is the first pick from special asthma IV treatments and why?

Answer 11

IV magnesium

because it has the least side effects