UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

dysuria and mucopurulent discharge causd by sexually transmitted agents

A

Urethritis

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2
Q

dysuria, frequency, and urgency caused by multiplication of enteric organisms within the bladder

A

cystitis

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3
Q

fever, flank pain, and systemc signs caused by invasion of the kidney tissue by enteric organisms

A

pyelonephritis

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4
Q

80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs are caused by what bacteria?

A

E coli

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5
Q

patient has a normal UTI without underlying disease

A

Uncomplicated UTI

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6
Q

What is the definition of a complicated UTI?

A

A complicated UTI occurs in a patient with a functionally, metabolically, or anatomically abnormal urinary tract

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7
Q

Risk factors/ at risk populations for Complicated UTIs include:

A

Diabetes

Pregnancy

Immunosuppressoin

Hospital-acquired infection

Catheterization

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8
Q

What are some normal GU flora in women?

A

Lactobacillus

coagulase (-) staph

Streptococcus

Mycoplasma

Enteric Gram negatives

Candida Albicans

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9
Q

What are common GU flora for men?

A

Coagulase (-) staph

Streptococcus

Mycoplasma

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10
Q

What is the most common organism that causes nosocomial UTI’s?

A

Enterococcus

Pseudamonas

Kiebsiella/enterobacter

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11
Q

Escherichia coli

indole (+/-)?

Methyl red (+/-)

A

Escherichia coli

Indole +

Methyl red +

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12
Q

Escherichia coli

Voges-Proskauer (+/-)

Citrate (+/-)

A

Escherichia coli

Voges-Proskauer (-): determines if the organism can break down glucose to acetylmethylcarbinol

Citrate (-): aility to utilize citrate as a carbon source (if positive, the media will turn blue)

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13
Q

Escherichia coli

Lysine decarboxylase (+/-)

Lactose fermentation (+/-)

A

Escherichia coli

Lysine decarboxylase (+)

Lactose fermentation (+)

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14
Q

Escherichia coli

Virulence factors

A

Escherichia coli

  1. Adhesins:
    1. P pili: renal cell attachment
    2. Type 1 fimbrae
  2. Polysaccharide capsule (K antigen)
  3. Endotoxin
  4. Hemolysin
  5. Aerobactin
  6. Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor
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15
Q

Emperic treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women

A

nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

or

oral fluoroquinolone

**If UTIs are recurrent: continuous prophylaxis

TMP/SMX or Nitrofurantoin

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16
Q

Emperic treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolone

TMP/SMX

3rd generation cephalosporin

Aztreonam

17
Q

Emperic treatment of complicated UTI

if pt is moderately ill

A

fluoroquinolone

18
Q

Emperic treatment of complicated UTI if the patient is severely ill

A

cefepime

ceftazadine

imipenem

piperacillin/tazobactam

after the urine culture is complete, adjust the therapy to the lab results