UTIs Flashcards
dysuria and mucopurulent discharge causd by sexually transmitted agents
Urethritis
dysuria, frequency, and urgency caused by multiplication of enteric organisms within the bladder
cystitis
fever, flank pain, and systemc signs caused by invasion of the kidney tissue by enteric organisms
pyelonephritis
80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs are caused by what bacteria?
E coli
patient has a normal UTI without underlying disease
Uncomplicated UTI
What is the definition of a complicated UTI?
A complicated UTI occurs in a patient with a functionally, metabolically, or anatomically abnormal urinary tract
Risk factors/ at risk populations for Complicated UTIs include:
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Immunosuppressoin
Hospital-acquired infection
Catheterization
What are some normal GU flora in women?
Lactobacillus
coagulase (-) staph
Streptococcus
Mycoplasma
Enteric Gram negatives
Candida Albicans
What are common GU flora for men?
Coagulase (-) staph
Streptococcus
Mycoplasma
What is the most common organism that causes nosocomial UTI’s?
Enterococcus
Pseudamonas
Kiebsiella/enterobacter
Escherichia coli
indole (+/-)?
Methyl red (+/-)
Escherichia coli
Indole +
Methyl red +
Escherichia coli
Voges-Proskauer (+/-)
Citrate (+/-)
Escherichia coli
Voges-Proskauer (-): determines if the organism can break down glucose to acetylmethylcarbinol
Citrate (-): aility to utilize citrate as a carbon source (if positive, the media will turn blue)
Escherichia coli
Lysine decarboxylase (+/-)
Lactose fermentation (+/-)
Escherichia coli
Lysine decarboxylase (+)
Lactose fermentation (+)
Escherichia coli
Virulence factors
Escherichia coli
- Adhesins:
- P pili: renal cell attachment
- Type 1 fimbrae
- Polysaccharide capsule (K antigen)
- Endotoxin
- Hemolysin
- Aerobactin
- Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor
Emperic treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women
nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
or
oral fluoroquinolone
**If UTIs are recurrent: continuous prophylaxis
TMP/SMX or Nitrofurantoin