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GU > Anti-Cancer Drugs 1 > Flashcards

Anti-Cancer Drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents?

A

Cyclophosphamide

ifosfamide

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2
Q

What drugs are Nitrosoureas alkylating agents?

A

Carmustine

lomustine

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3
Q

What drugs are classified as alkyl sulfonate alkylating agents?

A

busulfan

the main use of busulfan is to treat CML

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4
Q

What drugs are non-classic alkylating agents?

A

procarbazine

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5
Q

What drugs are platinum analog alkylating agents

A

cisplatin

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6
Q

Methotrexate (MTX) inhibits the formation of?

A

folate

this is why it is teratogenic

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7
Q

F-FU, cytarabine, and gemcitabine are antagonists of what?

A

Pyrimidine

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8
Q

6-MP, 6-TG, and Fludarabine are antagonists of what?

A

Purine

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9
Q

Antimetabolites inhibit what phase of the cell cycle?

A

S phase (DNA Synthesis)

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10
Q

What drugs inhibit S phase?

A

Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors

Both types of topoisomerase inhibitors cause breaks in the DNA which leads to cell death

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11
Q

What drug is specific for the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

A

Bleomycin

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12
Q

What drugs are specific for the M phase of the cell cycle?

what is their target structure?

A

Vinblastine/vincristine inhibit the formation of microtubules

paclitaxel/docetaxel inhibit the breakdown of microtubules

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13
Q

Vincristine

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Vincristine

  1. Clinical Use: ALL, rhabodomyosarcoma, Whilm’s tumor (pediatric tumors)
  2. Side Effects:
    1. Neurological toxicity w/ peripheral sensory neuropathy
    2. paralytic ileus (severe constipation)
    3. SIADH
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14
Q

Vinblastine

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Vinblastine

  1. Clinical Use:
    1. Lymphoma, germ cell, breast ca, Kaposi’s Sarcoma
  2. Side Effects:
    1. GI disturbances
    2. BM suppression
    3. extravasation leading to cellulitis and phlebitis
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15
Q

Paclitaxel

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Paclitaxel

  1. Clinical Use
    1. ovarian, breast, lung, AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma
  2. Side Effects
    1. BM suppression (neutropenia- treat with filgastrim)
    2. Hypersensitivity rxns (treat with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, cimetidine)
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16
Q

Docetaxel

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Docetaxel

  1. Clinical Use: broad coverage
  2. Side Effects:
    1. BM suppression
    2. Hypersensitivity rxn
    3. neurotoxicity
    4. fluid retention (pre-treat w/ glucocorticoides)
      1. pleurall effusion, ascites, peripheral edema, dyspnea at rest, cardiac tamponade
17
Q

Etoposide

MOA

Clinical Use

Side effects

A

Etoposide

  1. MOA: binds and inhibits toposiomerase II causing ds breaks and prevents religation of DNA leading to apoptosis
  2. Clinical Use: testicular cancer
  3. BM suppression, hypotension, N/V
18
Q

Topotecan

MOA

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Topotecan

  1. MOA: binds and inhibits Topoisomerase I (prevents (-) supercoiling
  2. Clinica Use: ovarian and SCLC
  3. Side effects
    1. N/V
    2. Diarrhea treat with loperamide
    3. BM suppression
19
Q

Irinotecan

MOA

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Irinotecan

  1. MOA: binds to topoisomerase I
  2. Clinical Use: colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal
  3. Side Effects:
    1. N/V
    2. Diarrhea
    3. BM supression
20
Q

Daunorubicin/Doxorubinicin

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Daunorubicin/Doxorubinicin

  1. mainly used in AML, ALL
  2. Cardiotoxicity
    1. Damage is caused by free radicals
      1. acute (2-3 adys)
      2. chronic (DCM)
    2. prevent with Dexrazoxane
21
Q

Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

MOA

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

  1. MOA: binds to DNA through intercalation which prevents DNA synthesis
  2. Clinical Use:
    1. Childhood cancerrs (Whilm’s tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma), Ewing’s Sarcoma
  3. SE: N/V, BM suppression
22
Q
A
23
Q

Bleomycin

MOA

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Bleomycin

  1. MOA: binds to DNA anc creates a DNA-Bleomycin-Fe(II) complex that oxidizes andd creates free radicals (Superoxide and hydroxide) which breaks DNA
  2. Clinical Use: lymphomas, germ cell (testis, ovary)
  3. Side Effects:
    1. Pulmonary Toxicity
      1. can lead to pulmonary fibrosis
    2. Cutaneous (skin) toxicity
      1. hyperpigmentation, skin ulcerations, flagellate dermatitis
    3. hypersensitivity
24
Q

Mitomycin

MOA

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Mitomycin:

  1. MOA: enzymatic metabolic activation that generates an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA
  2. CU: various
  3. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
    1. anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure due to damage of endothelial cells by drug toxicity
25
Q

Tamoxifen

MOA

Clinical Use

Side Effects

A

Tamoxifen

  1. MOA: Estrogen antagonist (SERM) in the breast tissue
    1. competitively binds to estrogen receptor
  2. CU: breast cancer that is HR (+), ER (+)
  3. SE: hot flashes, vaginal discharge/bleeding, thromboembolism, increased risk of uterine cancers
26
Q

Raloxifene

Clinical Use

A

Raloxifene

used for treating osteoperosis and reducing the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women

27
Q

Anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane

MOA

Clinical Use

Side effects

A
  1. selectively and competitively binds to and inactivates aromatase
    1. androgens can not be converted into estrogen
  2. CU: HR (+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women
  3. decreased bone minearal density, hypercholestrolemia, and ischemic cardiovascular disease and angina

GU (5 decks)

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