UTIs

Question 1

4 types of specific UTIs.

Answer 1

Bacteriuria, urethritis,

cystitis, and pyelonephritis

Question 2

Which UTIs are lower and which are upper UTIs?

Answer 2

Lower: Urethritis and cystitis (uncomplicated).
Upper: Pyelonephritis (complicated) and intrarenal and perinephric abscess.

Question 3

At what measurement would you call it a UTI?

Answer 3

Usually growth greater than 105 organisms per milliliter. If symptomatic or from catheter specimen, can be significant with 102 or 104 organisms per mL.

Question 4

Which organism most commonly causes uncomplicated acute UTIs?

Answer 4

E. coli (80%) (and overall the most common causes are gram - bacteria).

Question 5

Which organism is commonly associated with catheter or diabetes?

Answer 5

Candida (or other fungal species)

Question 6

10 risk factors for UTIs

Answer 6

1. Female: Short urethra, proximity to anus, termination beneath labia.
2. Sexual activity
3. Pregnancy: 2–3% have UTI in preg, 20–30% with asx bacteriuria →may lead to pyelo
4. Increased risk of pyelo = decreased ureteral tone,
   decreased ureteral peristalsis, temp. incompetence of vesicoureteral valves
5. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction or bladder diverticulum (incomplete emptying)
6. Age: postmenopausal women with uterine or bladder prolapse (incomplete emptying), lack of estrogen, decreased normal flora, concomitant medical conditions such as DM
7. Vesicoureteral reflux
8. Bacterial virulence
9. Genetics
10. Change in urine nutrients, DM, gout