UTIs Flashcards
How do patients with Pyelonephritis present?
Fever Rigors Loin pain & tenderness Vomiting Oligouria if in Acute renal failure
How do patients with Cystitis present?
Frequency Urgency Polyuria Haematuria Dysuria Suprapubic tenderness Foul smelling urine
How do patients with Prostatitis present?
Flu like symptoms
Lower back ache
Dysuria
Tender & Swollen prostate on PR exam
What is Urethral syndrome?
Patient is symptomatic like has a UTI, but no bacteria is present in the urine
What is Sterile Pyuria?
WBCs are present in the urine, but there is no infection.
When can patients get Sterile Pyuria?
Polycystic Kidney Disease TB Treated UTIs Appendicitis Papillary necrosis Drugs eg Cyclophosphamide
How do UTIs present?
Frequency Dysuria Small amounts of urine being passed Haematuria Foul smelling/cloudy urine Urgency Suprapubic/loin pain Rigors (Shaking/Shivering due to high temperature) Pyrexia Nausea +/- Vomiting *Can have confusion especially in elderly patients*
What are some of the risk factors for UTIs?
Female Recent sexual intercourse Pregnancy Menopause Diabetes Mellitus Tract pathology eg Stones, Obstruction, Catheterisation
What are some of the common causative organisms of a UTI?
Escherichia coli Klebsiella Enterococcus Candida species Staphylococcus saprophyticus
What investigations need to be done in a patient with suspected UTI?
Urine dip/culture
USS if patient is a child, male, recurring UTI or suspected Pyelonephritis
What is the treatment of UTIs?
Drink plenty of fluids
Urinate frequently
Trimethoprim/Nitrofurantoin 3 days for uncomplicated, 7 days for complicated
What is the treatment of Pyelonephritis?
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD for 7 days
Co-Amoxiclav for 14 days as an alternative
What is the treatment of Cystitis?
Trimethoprim/Nitrofurantoin 3 days
What are some of the complications of a UTI?
Pyelonephritis Intrarenal abscesses Hydronephrosis Renal failure Septicaemia
What is Hydronephrosis?
Enlargement/swelling of the kidneys due to build up of urine within them
