Utilitarianism

Question 1

Mill and Bentham were ___ century philosophers.

Answer 1

19th

Question 2

Mill introduced the concept of ___ and ___ pleasures to Bentham’s theory.

Answer 2

higher/lower

Question 3

“It is better to be ____ ____ than a ____ ____” - John Stewart Mill.

Answer 3

Socrates dissatisfied/pig satisfied

Question 4

Paternalism is ______ . (Mill)

Answer 4

forcing someone to do something for their own good. It is unacceptable in any case other than children and people with psychotic issues.

Question 5

The Harm Principle is ____ . (Mill)

Answer 5

every adult should be free to live as they wish as long as nobody else is harmed.

Question 6

Greater freedom equals ___ . (Mill)

Answer 6

greater happiness.

Question 7

___ created the theory of Utilitarianism.

Answer 7

Jeremy Bentham

Question 8

The Happiness Principle is ____.

Answer 8

the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

Question 9

____ believed pleasure could be quantified.

Answer 9

Bentham

Question 10

Bentham used the ____ to quantify happiness.

Answer 10

Hedonic Calculus

Question 11

___ believed how the pleasure is produced does not matter.

Answer 11

Bentham

Question 12

“Everybody counts for __, ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.” - Bentham.

Answer 12

one, nobody counts for more than one

Question 13

___ were the fathers of Classical Utilitarianism.

Answer 13

Bentham and Mill

Question 14

Relativistic means…

Answer 14

no universal moral norms or rules and that each situation has to be looked at independently because each situation is different.

Question 15

Consequentialist means…

Answer 15

people should make moral judgements based on the outcome or consequences of an action.

Question 16

Mill believes some pleasures are __ to others. ___ pleasures are mainly intellectual, whereas ___ pleasures are more primal or physical.

Answer 16

superior (or inferior) /higher/lower

Question 17

Strong Rule Utilitarianism is… (Mill)

Answer 17

the idea that any rules formulated and established through the PoU should never be broken.

Question 18

Weak Rule Utilitarianism is… (Mill)

Answer 18

the idea that, in extreme cases, rules need to be broken to achieve the greatest happiness.

Question 19

Utilitarianism is teleological, which means ____ .

Answer 19

concerned with the end goal, in this case happiness

Question 20

Egoistic Hedonism is…

Answer 20

making the right choice on whether or not a decision maximises happiness.

Question 21

Epicurus describes pleasure as ___ .

Answer 21

an absence of pain

Question 22

Hedonism is..

Answer 22

a school of though wherein which the only thing of major value is pleasure.

Question 23

Moral sense refers to…

Answer 23

one’s natural compassionate senses, finding pleasure in helping others to restore their own happiness.

Question 24

What were some of the social contexts of the 19th century?

Answer 24

An entrenched class system riddled with poverty, poor treatment of women, shift away from religious morals, technological advancements (Industrial Revolution)

Question 25

Who created Preference Utilitarianism?

Answer 25

Singer

Question 26

Who created Negative Utilitarianism?

Answer 26

Popper

Question 27

Who created Ideal Utilitarianism?

Answer 27

Moore

Question 28

What does Singer mean by “maximising preferences”? (Preference Utilitarianism)

Answer 28

Giving people as much of what they want as possible.

Question 29

Preference Utilitarians believe that all preferences are ___ and ____ preferences outweigh ____ preferences.

Answer 29

equal/majority/minority

Question 30

Preference Utilitarianism is ____, which means not focused on pleasure.

Answer 30

non-hedonistic

Question 31

Negative Utilitarians believe ____ is the main focus.

Answer 31

reducing happiness

Question 32

Utopianism is… (Negative Utilitarianism)

Answer 32

the idea that a leader’s attempts to make people happy is dangerous. A leader should focus on reducing happiness.

Question 33

Ideal Utilitarians believe there are things of great value besides pleasure known as ___ , such as ____ .

Answer 33

“non-hedonic goods”/love, knowledge and beauty

Question 34

___ and __ must be balanced, according to Moore. (Ideal Utilitarianism)

Answer 34

pleasure and non-hedonic goods

Question 35

___ is important, even if it makes you unhappy. (Ideal Utilitarianism)

Answer 35

truth

Question 36

Ideal Utilitarians believe your ___ instructs you what to do and you should use it.

Answer 36

intuition/gut feeling

Question 37

Both ___ and ____ Utilitarianism rejects dictatorships and promote democracy.

Answer 37

negative/preference

Question 38

The main weakness of Negative Utilitarianism is the problem of the ____ , which means ___ .

Answer 38

“benevolent world-exploder”/the only way to en all suffering is to end all life.