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4.5 > UTI & Urine > Flashcards

UTI & Urine Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for urine incontinence

A

Foley use
F
Menopause
Multiparity
Obesity
Smoking
Immobility
Neurological disorders

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2
Q

Risk factors for urine retention

A

M
Prostrate problems
Pelvic problems (masses/prolapse
Meds

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3
Q

Labs for kidney function

A

BMP/CMP: measures BUN & creatinine

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4
Q

Types: transient, functional, reflex, overflow, total, stress

A

T: 6mo or less
F: other factors like immobility (urinary system is intact)
R: no sensation of need to void like in spinal injury. Occurs due to hyperreflexia or involuntary urethra relaxation.
O: overdistension of bladder
T: continuous
S: abd pressure (cough, jump)

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5
Q

Secondary prevention for UTIs

A

Antibiotic prophylaxis
Postcoital prophylaxis

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6
Q

Tertiary care for uti/incontinence

A

Pelvic floor exercises
Loose weight
Cut caffeine/alcohol
UTI antibiotics

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7
Q

Renal calculi

A

Kidney stones

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8
Q

When to empty foley bag?

A

1/2 - 2/3 full. Every 3-6hrs

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9
Q

Superpubic catheters

A

Long-term
Surgical opening to bladder above the pubic area.
When urine can’t flow thru the urethra due to paralysis, injury, or enlarged prostrate.

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10
Q

What does specific gravity measure? High sg indicates…

A

How concentrated the urine is.

High = dehydration

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11
Q

Lower UTIs vs Upper UTIs

A

L: cystitis, prostatits, urethritis (local symp)
U: pyelonephritis (systemic symp - chills, fever, body aches)

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12
Q

How many UTIs are asymptomatic?

A

~1/2

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13
Q

What UA findings indicate UTIs?

A

Nitrates!
Sometimes ketones

Only high WBCs only indicate inflammation - not enough to indicate UTIs.

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14
Q

Urosepsis

A

Complication: Body attacks itself during UTIs.

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15
Q

UTI nursing interventions

A

1 fluids!

Avoid tract irritants (coffee, tea, citrus, cola, alcohol, spices)
Clean Foleys
Cranberry juice
Heat to perineum

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16
Q

What material products can cause UTIs, esp in females?

A

Bubble baths, nylon underwear, scented TP

17
Q

UTI secondary care

A

Prophylactic antibiotics
Probiotics
Cranberry juice

18
Q

UA vs Urine culture

A

UA: screens for UTI, evaluates physical characteristics, drug testing, random or “clean catch”

Culture: diagnose for UTI, “clean catch”only, get BEFORE giving antibiotics

19
Q

How to “clean catch”

A

Clean 3x
Catch mid-stream
(No skin cells or pathogens)

Or take at foley insertion/straight from bladder

20
Q

What does very hazy urine indicate?

A

Pus

21
Q

Normal urine characteristics

A

Yellow/amber
Slight odor
Clear/slightly hazy
Ph 4.5-8
Neg: WBC/RBC, ketones, protein, glucose, nitrate, crystals, brb

22
Q

Oliguria urine output

A

Less than 20mL/hr (or 400 mL/day)

23
Q

Anuria output

A

Kidneys produce no urine or less than 100mL/day

4.5 (5 decks)

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