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4.5 > Fever, Urine/Bowel > Flashcards

Fever, Urine/Bowel Flashcards

1
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus or many WBCs in urine

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2
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed-wetting AFTER normal age (6yo)

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3
Q

Detrusor muscles

A

Muscles lining the bladder

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4
Q

How aging affects urination

A

Kidneys can’t concentrate urine (nocturia).
Wk bladder muscles (UTIs from urine stasis).

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5
Q

What conditions can alter urination?

A

Kidney stones
High BP
Diabetes
Diseases causing wk (Parkinson’s, arthritis)

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6
Q

Sources of heat production

A

1 source: metabolism

Muscle movements.
Hormones: catecholamines epi & norepi, thyroid hormones

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7
Q

Afebrile

A

Without fever

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8
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

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9
Q

Fevers: sustained, intermittent, remittent, relapsing/recurrent

A

S: minimal variations
I: temp returns to normal at least once every 24hrs
Remittent: abnormal temp that fluctuates a few degrees
R/R: temp returns to normal for 1+ days, and then fever reoccurs

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10
Q

Pyretic amounts for kids

A

Ibuprofen: 10mg/K
Tylenol/acetaminophen: 15mg/K

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11
Q

Normal & Fever temp C/F

A

37 C
98.6 F

F:
38 C
100.4 F

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12
Q

Heat exhaustion vs heatstroke

A

Exhaustion: body overheats

Heatstroke: body can’t regulate temp. Can rise to 106F in 10 min.

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13
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Rxn to anesthetics. Life-threatening: fever,spasms, tachycardia

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14
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Rxn to anti-psychotics. Life-threatening fever

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15
Q

Temp change during post-ovulation

A

Increases 0.5-1 C

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16
Q

Endogenous vs exogenous pyrogens

A

Endo: cytokines in response to virus/bacteria. Act on the hypothalamus.

Exp: viruses/bacteria 🦠

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17
Q

Effects of high body temps

A

Water/Na+ loss.
Hypotension & tachycardia.
ALOC & seizures.

Low CO due to vasodilation: cardiovascular collapse, cerebral edema, CNS degeneration, renal necrosis

18
Q

What age to do rectal temps?

A

3 months or younger

19
Q

How to lower body temp?

A

Cold packs to groin
Anti-pyretics
Cool/wet towels to skin
Cool IV fluids
LUKEWARM baths

20
Q

Anal fissure

A

Small tearing in the lining of the anus.

21
Q

Paralytic illeus

A

Peristalsis temporarily stops (such as after anesthesia).

22
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

Can return HR to normal during tachycardia & can assess problems with the ANS.

Equalize your ears while bearing down for 10-15 sec

23
Q

Which organ absorbs the most water from intake?

A

Large intestine

24
Q

What percentage of food is excreted within 24hrs?

25
Q

Mass peristalsis sweeps

A

1-4 times/day
Cause the urge to defecate

26
Q

How often do bowel contractions occur?

A

Every 3-12 min

27
Q

What causes the defecation reflex?

A

Distention of the rectum

28
Q

Risk factors for constipation

A

Female & pregnancy
Low-income/education
Depression
Chronic conditions
Meds
CNS disease/sedentary

29
Q

Is constipation a normal part of aging?

30
Q

Infant stool characteristics when breastfed vs formula-fed

A

More frequent
Golden/yellow (vs brown/yellow)
Loose (vs paste)
Less odor

31
Q

What commonly contaminates stool samples?

32
Q

Clay/white stool can indicate

A

Absence of bile

33
Q

Constipating vs laxative food

A

C: cheese, meat, eggs, pasta
L: plants, bran, chocolate, alcohol, coffee

34
Q

What is most common cause of chronic constipation?

A

Laxative overuse

35
Q

Colectomy

A

Surgery to cut of parts of the bowel

36
Q

What doe enemas do?

A

Irritates mucosa to cause peristalsis (not for paralytic illeus) & can give some meds

37
Q

What is a potential complication of digital stool removal?

A

Can stimulate the vagus nerve: low HR, dizzy, pass-out

38
Q

What position is for enemas/suppositories?

A

Sims position

39
Q

What 2 conditions contraindicate rectal interventions?

A

Thrombo & leukocytopenia

40
Q

How often to replace ostomy bag?

A

Every 3-7 days

41
Q

What does a pale or dark stoma indicate?

A

Pale: anemia
Dark: ischemia

42
Q

Colostomy diet

A

Low-fiber for the first 6-8wks
At least 2.5L water
Avoid foods that cause gas & cause blockage (nuts, corn, popcorn)
Add foods to thicken stool

4.5 (5 decks)

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