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Therapeutics Exam 2 - antibiotics:( > UTI to end of ID drugs > Flashcards

UTI to end of ID drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the urinary tract only drugs and ROA

A

nitrofurantoin (po)
fosfomycin (po)

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2
Q

MOA of nitrofurantoin

A

inhibition of bacterial enzymes

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3
Q

adverse effects of nitrofurantoin

A

pulmonary toxicity with prolonged use
anemia

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4
Q

activity of nitrofurantoin

A

s. saprophyitcus
E. colu
Enterococcus
Some VRE
citrobacter
klebsiella

NO anaerobic activity

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5
Q

how to enhance absorption of nitrofurantoin

A

eat

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6
Q

minimum CrCl of nitrofurantoin

A

package insert says 60

notes say 30?

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7
Q

mechanism of fosfomycin

A

inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

Indication of fosomycin

A

UTI

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9
Q

fosfomycin is approved for use with which organisms

A

enterrococcus faecalis
E. coli
Maybe VRE ESBL

no anaerobic activity

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10
Q

common organisms of the skin

A

diphtheroids (corynebacterium)
propionibacteriaceae
bacillus
staphylococci (coagulase negative)
streptococci

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11
Q

common organisms of the GI tract

A

bacteroides
clostridium
enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, klebsiella)
streptococci (anaerobic)
enterococcus
fusobacterium

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12
Q

common organisms of the upper respiratory tract

A

bacteroides
haemophilus
neisseria
anaerobic streptococci

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13
Q

common organisms of the genitourinary tract

A

lactobacillus
corynebacterium
enterobacteriaceae (E. coli)
staph (saprophyticus)
strep

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14
Q

normal flora can become pathogenic when translocated to what areas

A

sterile areas
i.e bloodstream, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, synovial fluid, bone, urine

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15
Q

patients can have their normal flora replaced by pathogenic gram negative “hospital bugs” when hospitalized for more than

A

48 hours

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16
Q

localized clinical signs of infection

A

pain
inflammation
swelling
erythema
purulent or abnormal discharge
sputum production

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17
Q

systemic clinical signs of infection

A

chills
rigors
tachycardia
tachypnea
malaise
hypotension
mental status change
fever

18
Q

laboratory signs of infection

A

WBC > 10,000 (presence of left shift)
positive gram stain and culture
elevated ESR
elevated CRP
positive antigen or antibody liters

19
Q

causative pathogens of skin and soft tissue uncomplicated

A

staph aureus
strep pyogenes (group A)
strep agalactiae (group B)

20
Q

causative pathogens of complicated skin and soft tissue infections

A

polymicrobial and gram negative bacilli
e coli
pseudomonas aeruginosa

21
Q

meningitis causative pathogens

A

strep pneumo
n meningitidis

22
Q

CAP causative pathogens

A

s pneumo
mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydiphila pneumoniae
legionella

23
Q

HAP/VAP causative pathogens

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa
klevsiella
E. coli
enterobacter spp
serratia spp
acinetobacter spp

24
Q

causative pathogens of uncomplicated UTI’s

A

E. coli
staph saprophyticus
klebsiella pneumonia
proteus
gram negative rods and enterococci

25
Q

causative pathogens of bone and joint infections

A

staph aureus

26
Q

causative agents of lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

27
Q

causative agents of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

28
Q

causative agents of anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

29
Q

causative agents of whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

30
Q

causative agents of whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

31
Q

which cultures aren’t helpful

A

wound/skin cultures, sputum (just difficult),

32
Q

MIC 50

A

concentration needed to inhibit 50% growth

33
Q

MIC 90

A

concentration needed to inhibit 90% growth

34
Q

empiric therapy

A

antibiotics are chosen that have activity against the predicted or most likely pathogen causing the patient’s specific infection

this is wide spectrum to cover a wide variety until definitive culture

35
Q

directed or targeted therapy

A

antibiotics are used to treat an established infection

narrower spectrum directed toward the infecting pathogen

36
Q

prophylactic therapy

A

given to prevent infection for a short time

37
Q

combination therapy

A

may be needed when one antibiotic does not cover all of the pathogens identified by culture

take advantage of synergistic effects

38
Q

agents that inhibit the growth of the organism and rely on the hosts defenses to help kill the bacteria and eradicate the infection

A

bacteriostatic

39
Q

agents that kill the organism without needing help from the host defences

A

bactericidal

40
Q

GOLDEN RULE of infectious disease treatment

A

always remove source of infection if you can

Therapeutics Exam 2 - antibiotics:( (7 decks)

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