UTI to end of ID drugs

Question 1

what are the urinary tract only drugs and ROA

Answer 1

nitrofurantoin (po)
fosfomycin (po)

Question 2

MOA of nitrofurantoin

Answer 2

inhibition of bacterial enzymes

Question 3

adverse effects of nitrofurantoin

Answer 3

pulmonary toxicity with prolonged use
anemia

Question 4

activity of nitrofurantoin

Answer 4

s. saprophyitcus
E. colu
Enterococcus
Some VRE
citrobacter
klebsiella

NO anaerobic activity

Question 5

how to enhance absorption of nitrofurantoin

Answer 5

eat

Question 6

minimum CrCl of nitrofurantoin

Answer 6

package insert says 60

notes say 30?

Question 7

mechanism of fosfomycin

Answer 7

inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 8

Indication of fosomycin

Answer 8

UTI

Question 9

fosfomycin is approved for use with which organisms

Answer 9

enterrococcus faecalis
E. coli
Maybe VRE ESBL

no anaerobic activity

Question 10

common organisms of the skin

Answer 10

diphtheroids (corynebacterium)
propionibacteriaceae
bacillus
staphylococci (coagulase negative)
streptococci

Question 11

common organisms of the GI tract

Answer 11

bacteroides
clostridium
enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, klebsiella)
streptococci (anaerobic)
enterococcus
fusobacterium

Question 12

common organisms of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 12

bacteroides
haemophilus
neisseria
anaerobic streptococci

Question 13

common organisms of the genitourinary tract

Answer 13

lactobacillus
corynebacterium
enterobacteriaceae (E. coli)
staph (saprophyticus)
strep

Question 14

normal flora can become pathogenic when translocated to what areas

Answer 14

sterile areas
i.e bloodstream, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, synovial fluid, bone, urine

Question 15

patients can have their normal flora replaced by pathogenic gram negative “hospital bugs” when hospitalized for more than

Answer 15

48 hours

Question 16

localized clinical signs of infection

Answer 16

pain
inflammation
swelling
erythema
purulent or abnormal discharge
sputum production

Question 17

systemic clinical signs of infection

Answer 17

chills
rigors
tachycardia
tachypnea
malaise
hypotension
mental status change
fever

Question 18

laboratory signs of infection

Answer 18

WBC > 10,000 (presence of left shift)
positive gram stain and culture
elevated ESR
elevated CRP
positive antigen or antibody liters

Question 19

causative pathogens of skin and soft tissue uncomplicated

Answer 19

staph aureus
strep pyogenes (group A)
strep agalactiae (group B)

Question 20

causative pathogens of complicated skin and soft tissue infections

Answer 20

polymicrobial and gram negative bacilli
e coli
pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 21

meningitis causative pathogens

Answer 21

strep pneumo
n meningitidis

Question 22

CAP causative pathogens

Answer 22

s pneumo
mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydiphila pneumoniae
legionella

Question 23

HAP/VAP causative pathogens

Answer 23

pseudomonas aeruginosa
klevsiella
E. coli
enterobacter spp
serratia spp
acinetobacter spp

Question 24

causative pathogens of uncomplicated UTI’s

Answer 24

E. coli
staph saprophyticus
klebsiella pneumonia
proteus
gram negative rods and enterococci

Question 25

causative pathogens of bone and joint infections

Answer 25

staph aureus

Question 26

causative agents of lyme disease

Answer 26

borrelia burgdorferi

Question 27

causative agents of syphilis

Answer 27

treponema pallidum

Question 28

causative agents of anthrax

Answer 28

bacillus anthracis

Question 29

causative agents of whooping cough

Answer 29

bordetella pertussis

Question 30

causative agents of whooping cough

Answer 30

bordetella pertussis

Question 31

which cultures aren't helpful

Answer 31

wound/skin cultures, sputum (just difficult),

Question 32

MIC 50

Answer 32

concentration needed to inhibit 50% growth

Question 33

MIC 90

Answer 33

concentration needed to inhibit 90% growth

Question 34

empiric therapy

Answer 34

antibiotics are chosen that have activity against the predicted or most likely pathogen causing the patient's specific infection this is wide spectrum to cover a wide variety until definitive culture

Question 35

directed or targeted therapy

Answer 35

antibiotics are used to treat an established infection narrower spectrum directed toward the infecting pathogen

Question 36

prophylactic therapy

Answer 36

given to prevent infection for a short time

Question 37

combination therapy

Answer 37

may be needed when one antibiotic does not cover all of the pathogens identified by culture take advantage of synergistic effects

Question 38

agents that inhibit the growth of the organism and rely on the hosts defenses to help kill the bacteria and eradicate the infection

Answer 38

bacteriostatic

Question 39

agents that kill the organism without needing help from the host defences

Answer 39

bactericidal

Question 40

GOLDEN RULE of infectious disease treatment

Answer 40

always remove source of infection if you can