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Therapeutics Exam 2 - antibiotics:( > Sulfa drugs through anti-anaerobic > Flashcards

Sulfa drugs through anti-anaerobic Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim

A

interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis

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2
Q

main uses of SMX-TMP and its RoA

A

staph (MRSA MSSA)
listeria (after ampicillin)
nocardia
aeroPEK
stenotrophomonas maltophilia
pneumocystis jiroveci
toxoplasmosis

IV and po

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3
Q

avoid using SMX-TMP in

A

gut anaerobes
atypical organisms

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4
Q

important pharmacokinetics of TMP-SMX

A

highly protein bound

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5
Q

ADR of SMX-TMP

A

GI - N, V, abdominal pain
hypersensitivity
rash - SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis
fever
blood dyscrasias “penias”
photosensitivity
hyperkalemia

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6
Q

drug of choice for treatment and prevention of PJP/PCP peumonia (pneumocystis jiroveci) in immunocompromised infections

A

SMX-TMP

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7
Q

highly effective against skin infections caused by community acquired MRSA

A

SMX-TMP

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8
Q

colistimethate RoA

A

IV

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9
Q

what can colistimethate treat

A

MDR gram negative organisms

E. coli
acinetobacter
pseudomonas
klebsiella pneumoniae
enterobacter (klebsiella aerogenes)

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10
Q

ADR of colistimethate

A

nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity

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11
Q

what infection does mycoplasma pneumonia cause

A

upper and lower respiratory tract infections

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12
Q

what does chlamydophilia infections cause

A

trachomatis - STI
pneumonia - respiratory tract infection

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13
Q

which atypical bacteria is generally an opportunistic infection affecting immunocompromised patients

A

mycobacterium avium

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14
Q

fluoroquinolones and their RoA

A

ciprofloxacin (iv, po)
moxifloxacin (IV, po)
levofloxacin (IV, po)
delafloxacin (IV, po)
ofloxacin (po only)

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15
Q

moa of fluoroquinolones

A

inhibits DNA gyrase and promotes cell death

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16
Q

what type of killing do fluoroquinolones exhibit

A

concentration dependent

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17
Q

which fluoroquinolones are respiratory fluoroquinolones

A

moxifloxacin
levofloxacin

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18
Q

which fluoroquinolones have MRSA activity

A

delafloxacin

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19
Q

which fluoroquinolones have activity against pseudomonas and which one is more active?

A

ciprofloxacin > levofloxacin

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20
Q

do fluoroquinolones have activity against acinetobacter

A

no, activity against atypical pathogens

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21
Q

avoid using fluoroquinolones when

A

MRSA
acinetobacter
enterococcus

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22
Q

which fluoroquinolone is NOT a reliable UTI drug

A

moxifloxacin

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23
Q

ADR of fluorquinolones

A

TENDON RUPTURE
N/D
photosensitivity
CNS side effects: sedation, mental status changes
QTC prolongation

24
Q

what are respiratory FQ’s engineered to treat?

A

strep pneumo

25
what indications should FQ's be reserved for if patients have no other treatment options (last line)
acute bacterial sinusitis acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis uncomplicated UTI
26
macrolides and their RoA's
erythromycin (IV, oral) azithromycin (IV, oral) clarithromycin (IV, oral)
27
MOA of macrolides
inhibits RNA dependent protein synthesis at the chain elongation step that binds to 50S ribosomal subunit resulting in blockage of transpeptidation
28
main uses of macrolides
strep H. flu M. catarrhalis Neisseria legionella ATYPICALS mycoplasma chlamydophilia mycobacterium treponema pallidum borrelia burgdorferi
29
What did we swear to professor Tuoy?
that we will never use a cephalosporin to treat an enterococcus infection
30
avoid use of macrolides in
staph enterococcus most gram negatives gut anaerobes blood stream infections UTI's
31
ADR's of macrolides
Diarrhea (erythro) metallic taste clarithromycin) QTc prolongation (erythro, clarithro >azithro)
32
macrolides are second line drugs for
strep (URTI's) syphillis N gonorrhea tissue infections (URTI)
33
which antibiotic is used as an adjunct to metoclopramide for gastroparesis treatment
erythromycin
34
antibiotics and drugs with a high what are more likely to have a metallic taste?
volume of distribution
35
what is a big reason tetracyclines are contraindicated in children?
cause gray teeth
36
MOA of tetracyclines
inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S (and possibly 50S) ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and may cause alterations in the cytoplasmic membrane
37
what dosage form is doxycycline minocycline omadacycline ervacycline tetracycline
d - IV, po m - IV, po o - IV, po e - IV t - po
38
main uses of tetracyclines
gram positive limited gram negative atypicals - mycoplasma, chlamydophilia, rickettsia
39
which tetracyclines have strep pneumo and community acquired MRSA activity
doxycycline minocycline
40
ADR's of tetracyclines
gi - N/V even with IV photosensitivity hepatotoxicity CDAD
41
oral dosage forms of tetracyclines do what
chelate cations (Al, Mg, Ca) and dairy products
42
indications of doxycycline
atypical infections
43
use of outdated tetracyclines can lead to
fanconi's syndrome
44
which tetracycline is used in CAP and skin and soft tissue infections
omadacycline
45
which tetracycline is indicated for complicated intra-abdominal infections
eravacycline
46
moa of glycylcycline and tigecycline
binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis
47
main uses of glycylcycline and tigecycline
gram positive (MRSA and MSSA) VRE gram negative E. coli stenotrophomonas maltophilia gut anaerobes atypicals probably won't be the answer
48
Anti-anaerobic agents and their RoA
metronidazole IV, po tinidazole po secnidazole po clindamycin IV, oral
49
main uses of metronidazole
gut anaerobes c difficile trichomoniasis (UTI) bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis
50
ADR of metronidazole
N/V HA metallic taste * Vd probably urine discoloration peripheral neuropathy disulfuram interaction with alcohol
51
rule of thumb for metronidazole
treats below the diaphragm anaerobes
52
what do tinidazole and secnidazole treat
bacterial vaginosis trichomoniasis
53
main uses of clindamycin
MRSA/MSSA mouth anaerobes gut anaerobes allergies bacterial vaginosis no gram negative
54
ADR clindamycin
N/V CDAD and colitis with prolonged use**
55
rule of thumb for clindamycin
used for above the diaphragm anaerobes

Therapeutics Exam 2 - antibiotics:( (7 decks)

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