UTI/STI Microbiology

Question 1

What is the bacteria which causes gonorrhoea?

Answer 1

Gram Negative Diploccocci

Question 2

How does N.gonorrhoea impact the immune system?

Answer 2

• Prevents complement activation, opsonization and bacterial killing
• Modulates activity of macrophages, DC’s and neutrophils
• Modulates T cell function to avoid adaptive immune system

Question 3

What is GRASP?

Answer 3

Gonococcal resistance to antimicrobials surveillance programme

Question 4

What is a target of a cephalosporin?

Answer 4

PBP2

Question 5

Most resistant isolates contain a mutation which influences the gene (penA) therefore what happens?

Answer 5

Messes with the protein structure

Question 6

What type of bacteria causes chlamydia?

Answer 6

Gram Negative with over 19 different serovars

Question 7

What is the lifecycle of chlamydia?

Answer 7

1. Infectious elementary body (EB) binds and enters the cell
2. EB differentiates to RB (reticulate body)
3. RB starts to grow OR can be turned into a persitent form
4. RB reactivate to turn to EB
5. EB release from cells

Entire process takes 40-48 hours

Question 8

How does E.coli cause a UTI?

Answer 8

1. Invasion and colonisation
2. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation
3. Production of proteases and toxins causing cellular damage and dispersion
4. Ascension to the kidneys