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MIC2000A > UTI, chest, soft tissue infections > Flashcards

UTI, chest, soft tissue infections Flashcards

1
Q

which body sites are considered sterile?

A

Blood, CSF, vitreous fluid, joint fluid or tissue

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2
Q

Body sites with bacterial flora
i.e. commensal flora is
present

A

anything “outside”
– skin – whether intact or
ulcerated
– secretions from the body
– drain(s)

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3
Q

what is the blue swab for the wound swab thing u did in NCID

A

Anaerobic culture
Aerobic culture
MRSA Screening

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4
Q

what is the blue swab NOT SUITABLE for the wound swab thing u did in NCID

A

bacterial PCR, viral PCR
viral culture

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5
Q

what is the UTM ( Universal Transport Media) the one u used for COVID suitable for?

A

Viral culture
Viral antigen
Viral PCR
Chlamydial PCR

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6
Q

what is the UTM ( Universal Transport Media) the one u used for COVID NOT suitable for?

A

Bacterial PCR
Aerobic culture
Anaerobic culture

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7
Q

what is the VRE CRE swab looking thing with blue cap for

A

Aerobic culture
Anaerobic culture
BActerial PCR
Screening

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8
Q

what is the VRE CRE swab looking thing with blue cap NOT suitable for?

A

Viral PCR
VIral culture

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9
Q

types of urine sample ( sterile)

A

renal aspirate, supra pubic aspirate

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10
Q

types of clean but not sterile specimen non invasive

A

mid stream urine
clean catch urine

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11
Q

types of clean but not sterile urine specimen (procedural)

A

In and Out catheter urine

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12
Q

types of urine specimen that is often colonised but non invasive

A

IDC urine

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13
Q

will a respiratory sample with epithelial cells +++ on microscopy be accepted or rejected? why or why not? (pneumonia test)

A

Rejected as epithelial cells only exist in Upper respiratory tract. it does not represent the bacteria in the air sacs

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14
Q

what samples should you send for cystitis?

A

Mid stream urine culture
Bag urine (children)
Suprapubic urine (children)
Catheter sample ( +ve culture doesnt mean infection, could be colonisation)

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15
Q

what samples should you send for pyelonephritis?

A

Mid stream urine culture
Bag urine (children)
Suprapubic urine (children)
Catheter sample
Blood culture- patient usually febrile or septic

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16
Q

what samples to send for CAUTI

A

Catheter sample
urine may be polymicrobial :positive culture doesnt always mean infection.
dipsticks and UFEME results are unreliable in this case

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17
Q

is dip stick and UFEME reliable for CAUTI?

A

NO

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18
Q

which G+ve bacteria is associated with UTI

A

Enterococcus

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19
Q

which is the most common bacteria for UTI?

A

Escherichia coli

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20
Q

which G-ve bacteria is associated with UTI

A

E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Serratia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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21
Q

which G-ve bacteria is associated with kidney stone?

A

proteus

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22
Q

which fungus is associated with UTI

A

candida - very rare- shows recent antibiotic exposure

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23
Q

what is the management for cystitis and CAUTI?

A

PO Abx for 3-7 days,
longer course for men
CAUTI requires 5 days

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24
Q

what is the management for pyelonephritis and urosepsis?

A

IV ABX
PO ABX if improving after 48 hours.
course is 7-14 days.

25
Q

what is the management if there is presence of foreign material eg. catheter and ureteric stent?

A

remove it

26
Q

what is cap?

A

community acquired pneumonia

27
Q

what is hap?

A

hospital acquired pneumonia 48 hours after admission

28
Q

what is vap?

A

ventilator acquired pneumonia 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation

29
Q

what is aspiration pneumonia

A

from aspiration of food

30
Q

what is emphysema

A

infection of the pleural space due to pneumonia

31
Q

what are the expected pathogens for CAP

A

typical bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae
atypical: mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumoniae

others: staphylococcus aureus post influenza, klebsiella pneumoniae

32
Q

what are the expected pathogens for HAP and VAP?

A

streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae
pseudomonas aeruginosa
G_ve: Acinetobacter
MRSA if they are positive

33
Q

what test will be conducted for bacterial pneumoniae?

A

gram stain and c&s

34
Q

expected pathogens for infections in immunocompromised patients

A

candida species, aspergillus species( bone marrow), pneumocystitis jirovecii, virus, nocarida species found in soil.

35
Q

what samples should you send for a bacterial and viral pneumonia?

A

sputum, endotracheal aspirate, broncho alveolar lavage

36
Q

what are the tests that will be conducted for a viral pneumonia

A

PCR- detection of virus because viral culture is not performed and atypical bacteria in CAP

37
Q

what test should you send if you suspect sepsis or if your patient is febrile ?

A

blood culture

38
Q

what are the signs of impetigo?

A

honey coloured crusted lesions around peri oral region. starts as vesicles, ruptures releasing yellow thick wet crust.

39
Q

what are the signs of intertigo?

A

sticky redness under folds

40
Q

what are the signs of lymphangitis?

A

lymphatic vessel infection so redness tender track seen along the limb

41
Q

signs of erysipelas

A

tight red hot tender area

42
Q

signs of gas gangrene

A

crepitus on palpation

43
Q

which organism is responsible for cellulitis, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles

A

Betahemolytic Strep, esp Group A step/ Staph Aureus.

44
Q

which organism is responsible for gas gangrene?

A

necrotising- clostridium perfingens, grp A strep.

45
Q

which organism is responsible for necrotising fascitis

A

grp A strep

46
Q

which organisms are reponsible for gastroenteritis

A

salmonella species
salmonella typhi
salmonella paratyphi
shigella species
campylobacter jejuni
vibrio cholera
clostridium difficile

47
Q

how to get infected by salmonella species, campylobacter jejuni

A

food campy is for chicken

48
Q

is salmonella typhi present in sg?

A

it is an imported infection

49
Q

how to get infected with salmonella paratyphi, salmonella typhi

A

water borne, contact, food water contaminated by stool o rurine.

50
Q

how to get infected with vibrio cholera?

A

water, it is an imported infection, deadly.

51
Q

how to get C.diff

A

abx exposure, contact, in contaminated hospital environment

52
Q

complications of c.diff

A

colitis, toxic megacolon, death

53
Q

which organisms are responsible for viral GE?

A

rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus

54
Q

where can you get infected with norovirus?

A

contaminated food, shellfish, water, human to human via faecal oral

55
Q

what happens if there is norovirus in the ward?

A

it spreads very easily so ward closure.

56
Q

how does rotavirus and adenovirus spread?

A

human contact, most common for infant and pediatric diarrhea. rota is 1 adeno is 2nd.

57
Q

what samples should you send for bacterial GE? how long will the result take to come out.

A

stool for C&S, takes 24-48 hours

58
Q

what sample should you send for c.diff

A

stool for c.diff. no cns

59
Q

how do u get infected with shigella

A

person to person contact

MIC2000A (5 decks)

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