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MIC2000A > quiz > Flashcards

quiz Flashcards

1
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

foetal liver, bone marrow, thymus

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2
Q

what are secondary lymphoid organs?

A

spleen, tonsils, lymph node, mucosal lymphoid tissues, smth in intestine

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3
Q

whagt is the function of primary lymphoid organs?

A

produce store and maturation

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4
Q

what is the function of secondary lymphoid organs

A

develop, organise and activation
contain B and T cells to help fight diseases

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5
Q

what is the function of the thymus?

A

select and develop t cell

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6
Q

what does a phagocyte do

A

engulf and destroy the foreign body.

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7
Q

examples of phagocyte

A

monocyte, macrophage, dendritic
granulocyte: neutrophils

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8
Q

is a phagocyte under innate or adaptive immunity?

A

innate

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9
Q

how does B cell kill?

A

it produces antibodies to fight the pathogen

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10
Q

what is CD4 T cell and what does it do?

A

it is the T helper cell.

recognise foreign body and bind to antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells.

Also, it produces cytokines as signals to other cells.

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11
Q

what is CD8 T cell and what does it do?

A

It is the cytotoxic cell, it kills virus infected or tumour cells.

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12
Q

what is an eosinophil? what does it do? what does it fight against?

A

it releases active mediators
it is released in response to allergy or asthma
it fight parasites, helminth infections.

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13
Q

what is pathogen associated molecular patterns?

A

conserved molecular patterns shared by many broad classes.

absent in sterile field.
not shared by host, shared by many pathogens. does not evolve rapidly. targets of innate system

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14
Q

how does macrophages kill ?

A

phagocytosis+ release reactive oxygen species to damage bacteria

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15
Q

NK cell Natural killer cells how do they kill?

A

release cytotoxic granules and induce apoptosis

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16
Q

how does B cell kill?

A

release cytokines and antibodies.

17
Q

where does B cell develop?

A

Bone marrow

18
Q

Where does T cell develop?

A

thymus, CD4, CD8, CD3

19
Q

what does B cell expresses?

A

B cell receptor which secretes antibodies and bind to antigen.

20
Q

What does B cell fight against?

A

extracellular infections

21
Q

what do dendritic cells do?

A

they are antigen presenting cells. they transport the antigen to the nearest lymph node

dendritic cell prime CD4, CD8 T cell responses.They do this by presenting antigen to the T cells and activating them.

22
Q

does dendritic cell prime CD4, CD8 T cell responses?

A

yes

23
Q

how does dendritic and lymph nodes work together to trigger an immune response?

A

Dendritic cells are capable of recognizing, taking up, and processing antigens, which are foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses, and presenting them to other cells in the body. This process is known as antigen presentation. Once the dendritic cell has taken up and processed an antigen, it travels to the nearest lymph node, where it presents the antigen to lymphocytes, which are another type of white blood cell. The lymphocytes then respond by producing antibodies, which help the body recognize and fight off the antigen. This is the process by which the body’s immune system is able to recognize and fight off foreign substances.

24
Q

do dendritic cell kill bacteria?

A

NO

25
Q

where are dendritic cells found?

A

skin lungs, spleen, gut, eye, liver, lymph nodes,

26
Q

what is required for activation of T cells to become effector T cells

A

cytokines
peptide MHC molecule complex
T cell receptor
Costimulatory molecule

27
Q

what do interferons do, what are they

A

cytokines that Interfere with viral replication in neighbouring cells

they are interferon alpha and beta.

28
Q

what is a live vaccine?

A

Passage of virulent human viruses in non human host -
influenza virus in embryonic eggs

29
Q

examples of live vaccine

A

Polio (oral vaccine, Sabin), Mumps, Measles and Rubella (MMR), Yellow
fever, Chickenpox, BCG,Typhoid

30
Q

benefits of live vaccine

A

Advantages
* mimic natural infection
* produce a large antigenic
stimulus (organism can still
replicate)
* generally induce T&B
lymphocyte responses
* provide long-lasting protection

31
Q

disadvantages of live vaccine

A

Disadvantages
* may retain some pathogenicity
* may revert to virulence
* may not be safe enough to
vaccinate immunocompromised
subjects
* require a good cold chain

32
Q

what does NK cell fight against

A

intracellular pathogens

33
Q

what activates NK cells?

A

Activated by interferons and macrophage/dendritic cell- derived cytokines including TNFα and IL-12

MIC2000A (5 decks)

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