UTI Flashcards
What intervention should you do for a pt presenting with symptoms of UTI to prevent escalation to sepsis?
Increase fluid intake to flush bacteria from urinary tract and dilute urine. This will also promote frequent urination which helps with the flushing part
Risk factors r/t UTIs in older adults?
History of UTIs, neutropenia, neurogenic bladder, decreased cognition
How to minimize risk of UTIs?
Practice good HH, urinate immediately after sexual intercourse to flush out bacteria introduced during sex, showers preferable to baths, avoid wearing tight fitting clothing to prevent moisture accumulation.
Upper tract UTI?
Pyelonephritis (inflammation of renal parenchyma and collecting system). It’s more serious because the kidney is affected rather than the bladder. Location: renal parenchyma, pelvis, ureters. Symptoms are fever, chills, and flank pain.
Lower tract UTI?
Urethritis and cystitis (inflammation of bladder wall). Symptoms are frequency and burning (dont have same symptoms as kidney one).
True or false: UTI is most common infection in women
true
What is the most common pathogen for UTI?
E. coli from the GI tract
What does the virulence of the causative agent depend on?
Its ability to gain access/thrive in the urinary tract.
Patients at risk for UTIs?
Diabetes, immunosuppressive, multiple course of antibiotic treatment, travelling to certain countries
Uncomplicated and complicated UTIs?
U- occurs in otherwise normal urinary tract, involved only the bladder
C- UTIs with coexisting presence of obstructions, stones, catheter, diabetes/neurological disease, pregnancy changes, and recurrent infections
Defence mechanisms to prevent UTIs?
Peristaltic activity, acidic pH of urine, high urea concentration, abundant glycoproteins, complete emptying of bladder when you go pee
How are organisms introduced in UTIs?
Introduced via ascending route from urethra and they originate in perineum. Less common routes are bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Risk factors for UTIs?
BPH, pregnant women, having multiple sex partners, obesity
What is a catheter acquired UTI?
Bacterial biofilms develop on inner surface of the catheter
S+S of UTIs?
Urinary frequency >every 2 hrs, urgency, incontinent, nocturia, nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting during night), dysuria, retention. Flank pain/fever/ chills indicate infection of upper tract.
Symptoms of UTI in older adults?
Symptoms often absent. Can experience non localized abdominal discomfort, cognitive impairment, and less likely to have fever.
Diagnostics for UTIs?
Urinalysis (nitrites, WBC, and leukocytes means there is bacteria in urine). Nitrates are normal in urine but they are converted to nitrites by bacteria. C+S tells us what drugs bacteria is sensitive to. X rays, CT scan, renal ultrasounds for recurrent UTIs.
Cranberry juice and UTIs?
It may reduce certain UTIS
Antibiotics for UTIs?
Uncomplicated cystitis will have short treatment of 1-3 days. Complicated UTIs require long term treatment for 7-14 days.
Interventions for UTIs?
Emptying bladder regularly/compeltely, evacuate bowel regularly, wiping per area front to back, drinking adequate fluids, wash hands, wear gloves, regular toileting, routine perineal care.
What foods to avoid?
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, citrus juice, chocolate, and highly spiced food. They could be potential bladder irritants.
Urosepsis?
Systemic infection from a urological source. This is the most severe presentation of UTI.
Why can females get UTIs easier?
Their urethra is short than males so it’s easier for bacteria to get into the bladder. The female urethra is closer to butthole which is the source of E. coli.
