Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nephrology > UTI > Flashcards

UTI Flashcards

1
Q

2 most common pathogens in uncomplicated UTIs

A

e coli
staph saprophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common pathogen causing UTIs in diabetics

A

klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common pathogen causing UTIs in people with indwelling catheters

A

pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 findings in clean catch UA, diagnostic for UTIs

A
  • leukocytes esterase– indicates pyuria
  • Nitrite
  • hematuria
  • bacteriuria

cultures NOT needed in uncomplicated UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what test must be done if pt fails tx?

A

urine culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

if a pt has sx of UTI and gets a negative urine dipstick, what does this mean?

A

does not r/o infection! treat them anyway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 first line meds used in uncomplicated

A

TMP-SMX DS 1 PO BID x 3 days
NTF 100 mg PO BID x 5 days
Fosfomycin 3g PO x 1 dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what 3 meds should you avoid in pregnant people? which two are preferred

A

avoid: bactrim, cipro & NTF
preferred: amox of keflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which medication causes pulm toxicity in elderly

A

NTF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 major SE of quinolones

A

tendonitis or tendon rupture
hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which med should be taken with food

A

NTF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

medication that causes discolored urine, hemolytic anemia, GI sx, rash, HA? (include dosing details)

A

Phenazopyridine (pyridium) 200mg PO TID PRN x 2 days dysuria

used to tx SYMPTOMS not the bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

med that causes anticholenergic sx, urinary retention w/ BPH

A

methenamine 2 tabs PO QID PRN x 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deficiency of what hormone contributes to increased risk of UTIs in geriatric patients

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

differentiate macrobid vs macrodantin

A
  • macrobid 100mg BID x 5-7days; less GI ADR
  • macrodantin 50-100mg PO QID x 5-7 days; more GI ADR; can be used prophylactically after intercourse of QHS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which medication should be avoided in pyelonephritis d/t negligible tissue penetration

A

NTF– also avoid in renal dysfunction

17
Q

primary reason why NTF is on beers list

A

inadequate concentration in urine when CrCl is below 60ml/min
increased ADR– peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonitis

18
Q

rod shaped E. coli on swollen epithelial cells of bladder; epithelial surface secreted thick mucus filaments

A

bladder infection/cystitis

19
Q

how are complicated UTIs treated?

A

same as uncomplicated UTI but for longer

20
Q

when do you test for cure 3 wks later to confirm clearence

A

complicated or recurrent UTIs

21
Q

these are risk factors for what?

  • intercourse w/in 1 month
  • maternal h.o UTI
  • new sex partner in past yr
  • spermicide use in past yr
  • age of 1st UTI under 15 yo
A

recurrent UTI

22
Q

how are recurrent UTIs treated

A

same as regulat but longer (1-2 wks) & do NOT use same abx as last time
also do culture!

23
Q

what is the condition?

  • evidence of UTI, fever, chills, flank pain, N/V, CVAT
  • elderly & immunocompromised have atypical sxs (GI or pulm)
  • misdiagnosis -> urosepsis, chronic pyelo, renal abscess, renal failure, HTN
A

acute pyelonephritis

24
Q

what is the admission criteria for acute pyelonephritis (5)

A
  • persistent vomiting
  • suspected sepsis
  • uncertain diagnosis
  • urinary tract obstruction
  • over 60, immunocompromised, poor social support, pregnant
25
Q

acute pyelonephritis dx requires UA and confirmatory urine cultures. what are 2 expected findings??

A
    • leukocyte esterase & +/- nitrite
  • WBC (kidney inflammation)
  • gram stain for abx therapy +/- blood cultures
26
Q

4 first line tx of acute pyelonephritis

A
  • cipro 500mg PO BID x 7 days +/- initial IV cipro 400 or ceftriaxone 1g
  • cipro 1000mg ER PO Q day for 7 days
  • Levo 750mg PO Q day x 5 days
  • TMP-SMZ 1 PO BID x 14 days
27
Q

tx for acute pyelo in pregnant patient

A

Augmentin 500/125mg PO TID x 10-14 days; can add Ceftriaxone 1g IV x 1 dose

28
Q

what medication is not effective in pyelonephritis? how long should immunosuppressive pts be treated?

A
  • never use NTF
  • tx immunosuppressive pt for 21 days
29
Q

how are UTIs in males treated?

A

Bactrim DS 1 (or fluoroquinolone) PO BID x 7-10 days

if its from STD, tx accordingly

30
Q
  • irritative voiding sx w/ negative urine culture in typically 30 to 70 yrs
  • disrupts work, social relationships and sexual activity
  • urgency/frequency, suprapubic pain, dysparunia, chronic pelvic pain
  • sleep deprivation, depression, suicidal ideation
  • sx worse in wk before menses; dietary association
A

interstitial cystitis
dx confirmed by cystoscopy findings (glomerulations or ulcers)

31
Q

pinpoint hemorrhages seen w/ hydrodistention (can cause period of symptomatic relief)

A

glomerulations

32
Q

results in bladder wall scarring & decreased capacity

A

hunner’s ulcers

33
Q
  • over 100K CFU/mL in asymp. pt in about 40% of elderly men and women
A

asymptomatic bacteruria

34
Q

who benefits from treatment in asymptomatic bacteriuria (3)

A
  • pregnant ppl
  • renal transplant pt
  • pt that undergo GU procedures
35
Q

2 ways to tx urethral syndrome

A

doxycyline 100mg PO BID x 14 days
azithromycin 1g PO x 1 dose

36
Q

which abx should be avoided in those taking warfarin? why?

A

bactrim– increases the INR!!

nephrology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions