final flex review

Question 1

severity of AKI is determined by what two things/

Answer 1

UO
Cr

Question 2

2 most common causes for AKI

Answer 2

prerenal
ATN

Question 3

what is the first indicator of AKI

Answer 3

UO (normal is 0.5mg/kg)

serum Cr takes full day to rise

Question 4

what are 5 toxic causes of ATN

Answer 4

radiocontrast
aminoglycosides
pigment
cisplatinum
amphotericin B

Question 5

• interstitial inflammation; renal tubular cell injury
• often hypersensitivity reaction to drugs
• fever, rash, eosinophilia
• NSAIDs can cause tubulointerstitial damage

Answer 5

interstitial nephritis

Question 6

what 5 drugs can cause interstitial nephritis

Answer 6

abx
furosemide
dilantin
NSAIDs
PPI

Question 7

RBC casts

Answer 7

glomerular damage–nephritic syndromes

Question 8

WBC casts

Answer 8

inflammatory conditions
pyelonephritis
AIN
glomerulonephritis

Question 9

Muddy brown casts

Answer 9

ATN

Question 10

muddy brown casts

Answer 10

ATN

Question 11

waxy/granular casts

Answer 11

CKD

Question 12

epithelial casts

Answer 12

ATN
AIN
nephritic syndrome

Question 13

doubling of serum Cr every day with hematuria and edema should make you think of

Answer 13

rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis

Question 14

• over 3.5g protein/day
• low albumin
• elevated lipids
• edema
• non-inflammatory

Answer 14

nephrotic syndrome

Question 15

• under 3.5g protein/d
• hematuria
• azotemia, oliguria, uremia
• HTN +/- edema
• inflammatory

Answer 15

nephritic syndrome

Question 16

gold standard to make the dx between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome

Answer 16

kidney biopsy

Question 17

• viral or parasitic infxn
• acute tubule-interstitial nephropathy

Answer 17

disorders of nephritic syndrome

Question 18

tx for pyelonephritis

Answer 18

cipro x 14 days or admit for IV cipro

Question 19

young male w/ dysuria and penile discharge

Answer 19

urethritis
if under 35 test/treat for STI

Question 20

when do you tx asymptomatic bacteriuria

Answer 20

pregnancy
transplat
prior to TURP

Question 21

3 tx options for uncomplicated cystitis

Answer 21

TMP-SMX (Bactrim) DS 1 PO BID x 3 days
Nitrofurantoin 100mg PO BID x 5 days
Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 3 days

Question 22

complicated cystitis tx (4)

Answer 22

Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 7 days
TMP-SMZ 1 PO BID x7-10 days
Levofloxacin 750mg PO Q Day x 5 days
Augmentin 500/125mg PO TID x 10-14 days (pregnant)

Question 23

2 tx options for acute pyelo

Answer 23

Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 7 days
TMP-SMZ 1 PO BID x14 days

Question 24

tx for acute prostatitis

Answer 24

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID x 6 weeks
Levofloxacin 500 mg PO daily x 6 weeks
TMP-SMX one PO BID x 6 weeks

tx GC + chlamydia if sexually active