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Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases > UTI > Flashcards

UTI Flashcards

1
Q

Asymptomatic bacteriuria usually represents…

A

bacterial colonization

**It has not clinical features of UTI

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2
Q

Urethritis in isolation is suggestive of…

A

STI

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3
Q

Infection of kidneys and ureter

A

Pyelonephritis

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4
Q

Risk factors for Complicated UTIs

A

Male sex
Pregnancy
Postmenopausal
Immunosuppresion
Renal failure
Metabolic Disorders (Diabetes)
Anatomical or Functional abnormalities

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5
Q

Health care associated UTIs are classified as

A

Complicated UTI

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6
Q

T or F: UTIs are the most common infections leading to septic shock

A

T

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7
Q

Reccurent UTI

A

≥ 3 episodes of symptomatic, culture proven UTI @1 year OR
≥ 2 episodes @6 months

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8
Q

Route of Transmission of UTI

A

Ascendente
Hematogena *Stapg aureus
Inoculacion directa al riñon

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9
Q

Bacteria commonly associated with UTIs

A

SEEK PP
Staph. saprophyticus
E.coli (UPEC)
Enterococcus
Klebsiella

Proteus
Pseudomonas

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10
Q

Bacteria associated with UTIs that produces ureasa y alacaliniza orina (7-8 pH)

A

Proteus mirabillis

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with UTI that produces ammonia and causes a pungent/irritating smell

A

Proteus mirabillis

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12
Q

Nosocomial UTI infection by bacteria (enterococci, pseudomonas) is associated with

A

Drug resistance

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13
Q

T or F: Adenovirus can also cause UTI @Immunocompromised Px and children

A

T

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14
Q

Virulence factor if UPEC

A

Type 1 Fimbrae

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15
Q

Virulence factor of Staph. saprophyticus

A

Adehisins

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16
Q

Why is diabetes a risk factor for UTIs?

A

They inhibit phagocytosis and diapedesis of neutrophils

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17
Q

Sex as Risk Factor in UTIs

A

W: shorter urethra + close anal-genital regions
M: uncirmcised

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18
Q

Postmenopause as risk factor of UTI

A

↓ Estrogen levels –> ↓ vaginal lactobacilli —> ↑ vaginal pH –> E.coli colonization

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19
Q

Structural or functional abnormalities of the UT

A

Prevent bladder emptying and/or result in urinary stasis

-Bening prostatic hyperplasia
-Congenital malformations
-Neurological bladder
-Urinary tract calculi

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20
Q

T or F: Complicated UTI can happen equally at all people

A

F

They usually happen at predisposing factors

21
Q

How does the urine look in a UTI?

A

Cloudy (Turbia)

22
Q

Hypogastric pain

A

Cystitis

Lower UTI

23
Q

Immune response at Upper UTI

A

↑IL-6

24
Q

T or F: Pyelonephritis can cause bacteremia

A

T

25
Q

Sintoma distintivo de Upper UTI

A

Fever

26
Q

Flank pain @_____ UTI

A

Upper

27
Q

Clinical Features @Lower UTI

A

↑ Urinary frequency
Urinary urgency
Dysuria
Hematuria
Tenesmus

28
Q

ACUTE Pyelophreitis can cause

A

Necoris
Abscess

29
Q

CHRONIC Pyelonephritis can lead to

A

Scarring

30
Q

Male with UTI usually refer ___ as symptom @UTIs

A

Pain @prostatic/perineal area

31
Q

Atypical symptoms @Older Adults

A

Urinary incontinence
Constipation
Altered mental status

32
Q

UTI complications @Pregnant women

A

↑ risk of Preterm labor
Hypertension and Preeclampsia
Chorioamnionitis

33
Q

What makes a pregnant women a risk px for UTIs?

A

↑ Progesterone levels –> urinary stasis + ureteral smooth muscle relaxation + dilation –> Vesicouretral reflux

Gravid Uterus –> ↑ pressure @bladder –> Vesicouretral reflux

Relative immunosuppression

34
Q

When is it recommended to do a screening test for UTIs @Preganant women?

A

1st Trimester

35
Q

What part of the urethra is colonized by E.coli?

A

1/3 parte distal

36
Q

When is an Urinalysis indicated?

A

To ALL Px with suspected UTI

37
Q

4 cosas que indican UTI @Urinalysis

A

Pyuria (>10,000)
Nitrates (producto de metabolismo de bacteria)
Esterasa Leucocitaria (producida por leucocitos activos)
Bacteria

38
Q

When is an Uriculture indicated?

A

Suspicion of:
- complicated UTI
- uncomplicated cystitis with:
· history of recurrent UTI
· ≥ 65 yo
* concern of multi resistant pathogens
* atypical symptoms

39
Q

Methods of collection for Uriculture

A

Clean catch (mid stream) = ≥10^5
Catheter = ≥ 5 x 10^4
Suprapubic = any

40
Q

T or F: Px with complicated or recurrent UTI, uriculture should be obtained AFTER initiating antibiotic tx

A

F
= BEFORE, because of false negatives

41
Q

When is imaging indicated? @UTI

A

Urinary tract obstruction
Severe Illness (complicated pyelonephritis or urosepsis)
Early recurrence of UTI
Descartar litiasis como dx diferencial

42
Q

Tx for uncomplicated UTI infecctions

A

Beta lactams (@examen)
Nitrofuranation
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethazole

43
Q

Tx for complicated UTI

A

Fluorquinolones
TMP/SMX

44
Q

T or F: UTI in men is classified at uncomplicated UTI

A

F

45
Q

What antibiotic cannot be used in men with UTI?

A

Nitrofuranation anf Fosfomycin

because they are not able to penetrate the prostate tissue

46
Q

General recommendations to Tx UTI

A

Ir al baño = Flujo urinario = tomar mucha agua
Citricos = ↓pH @orina

47
Q

T or F: Antibiotic Tx only for complicated UTI

A

F

= for ALL symptomatic UTI

48
Q

Dysuria + Abnormal vaginal/urethral discharge

A

Diferential Dx = Vaginitis or STI

Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases (4 decks)

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