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Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia Interstitial

A

Afecta el tejido entro los alveolos
Caracteristica de Pneumonias Atipicas

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2
Q

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (nosocomial)

A

Onset >48 hrs after admission

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3
Q

Common pathogen causing Pneumonia @Alchoholics

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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4
Q

Bacteria that causes Atypical Pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chamydiophila penumoniae

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5
Q

Viruses cause what type of Pneumonia

A

Atypical (interstitial)

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6
Q

Most common pathogens causing nosocomial pneumonia?

A

Pseudomona
Entereobacteriaceae
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae

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7
Q

Pneumonia with indolent onset

A

Atypical

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8
Q

Pneumonia with high grade fever

A

Typical

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9
Q

Pneumonia with extrapulmonary symptoms

A

Atypical

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10
Q

Pneumonia with NONproductive cough

A

Atypical

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11
Q

Pneumonia with pleuritic chest pain during breathing

A

Typical

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12
Q

Auscultation of Lungs @Typical Pneumonia

A

Crackles (Crepitantes)

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13
Q

T or F: Typical Pneumonia there are NO Bronchial sounds

A

F

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14
Q

Breath Sounds are _____ @Typical Pneumonia

A

Diminished

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15
Q

Percusión of lungs @Typical Pneumonia

A

Dullnes (mate)
= Consolidation

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16
Q

What findings @CBC?

A

Leukocytosis (>10,000)

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17
Q

T or F: A new pulmonary infiltrate on chest X-ray in a px with classic Pneumonia symptoms doesn’t confirm the diagnosis

A

F

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18
Q

When is a CT scan indicated @Penumonia?

A

Inconclusive X-ray

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19
Q

@X-ray: Reticular Opacity + Absent or minimal Consolidation

What type of Pneumonia?

A

Atypical

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20
Q

@X-ray: Patchy infiltrates scattered through the lungs

A

Bronchopneumonia

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21
Q

When is a chest X-ray indicated?

A

Px suspected of having pneumonia

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22
Q

Monotherapy Tx of Pneumonia

A

Amoxicilin or
Doxycyclina or
Macrolides ( Azythromycin or Clarithromycin)

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23
Q

Tx in an outpatient with comorbilities or risk factors for resistant pathogens?

A

Combination Therapy: Beta lactam + Doxycyclin or Azythromycin or Clarythromycin

or

Monotherapy + Respiratory Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin)

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24
Q

Tx given at inpatient without comorbilities?

A

Combination Therapy

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25
Q

Tx given at inpatient with MRSA infection?

A

Vancomycin or Linezolid

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26
Q

Tx given at inpatient with pseudomonal infection?

A

Pipercillin + Tazobactam
Cefepime
Cetazamide

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27
Q

Contaminated swimming pool

A

Adenivirus

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28
Q

Pharyngoconjuntivitis

A

Adenovirus

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29
Q

Adenovirus serotypes responsible for causing Gastroenteritis?

A

40-42

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30
Q

Intussuspection @Children

A

Adenovirus

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31
Q

Hemorragic Cystitis

A

Adenovirus

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32
Q

Vaccines vs. Adenovirus?

A

YES

Serotypes 4 and 7, but ONLY for military

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33
Q

_____ is used viral vector at vaccines

A

Adenovirus

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34
Q

May persist at Lymphoid tissue after primary infection

A

Adenovirus

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35
Q

Adenovirus: seasonal or year-round

A

ALL year

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36
Q

How many serotypes @Rhinovirus?

A

> 100

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37
Q

Respiratory Tract viruses that are NONenveloped?

A

Adenovirus
Rhinovirus

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38
Q

Infective dose of Rhinovirus

A

1 particle

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39
Q

Rhinovirus grow best ____ºC

A

33

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40
Q

Most viral replication of Rhinovirus @______

A

Nose

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41
Q

Rhinovirus bind to what kind of receptors, found in which type of cells?

A

ICAM-1
epithelial, fibroblast, B-lymphoid cells

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42
Q

T or F: Rhinovirus survive at surfaces for hours

A

T

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43
Q

Incidence of Rhinovirus

A

autumn and late spring

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44
Q

T or F: Rhinovirus infections cause fever

A

F

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45
Q

Responsibe for 50% of all respiratory tract infections

A

Rhinovirus

46
Q

Coronavirus grow best @____ºC

A

33-35

47
Q

Coronavirus bind to _______ receptors

A

ECA-2 (ACE-2) @Lungs

48
Q

T or F: Coronavirus does NOT survive the GI tract

A

F

49
Q

Incubtion period for Coronavirus

A

10 days

50
Q

Reservoir: Bats and Camels

A

Coronavirus

51
Q

2nd prevalent cause of common cold

A

Coronavirus

52
Q

Incidence of Coronavirus

A

Seasonal @Winter

53
Q

4 characteristic symptoms @Coronavirus

A

High grade fever >38ºC
Anosmia
Diarrhea
NO sneezing

54
Q

Seal Bark Cough

A

Parainfluenza

55
Q

T or F: Parainfluenza virus rarely causes viremia

A

T

56
Q

Serotypes @Paraincluenza virus

A

4
1-3 = SEVERE lower respiratory tract infections @Infants
4 = MILD RT infections @Children & Adults

57
Q

Laryngothracheobronchitis

A

Parainfluenza

58
Q

Incidence of Parainfluenza

A

1 & 2 @autum
3 @ALL year

59
Q

Subglottal swelling that closes the airway and causes seal bark cough

A

Croup

60
Q

Dx diferencial de Croup

A

Epiglotitis @H.influenza

61
Q

Tx for Croup

A

Esteroids
Neubulized Epinephrine
Intubation

62
Q

______ NOT needs or have Neuraminidase

A

RSV

63
Q

_____ glycoprotein can’t bind to sialic acid or RBC

A

RSV

64
Q

RT pathogen that induces edema causing wheezing

A

RSV

65
Q

The pathological effects of RSV are mainly caused by

A

Inmunologically mediated cell injury = inflammation

66
Q

Can cause necrosis of bronchi and bronchioles forming plugs of mucus, fibrin and necrotic material

A

RSV

67
Q

Pneumonia that more frequently causes pleural effusion (inflammation of parenchyma)

A

Bacterial

68
Q

Leading cause of bronchiolitis @Children

A

RSV

69
Q

RSV incidence

A

Seasonal @winter

70
Q

Most common cause of FATAL acute RT infection @infants and children

A

RSV

71
Q

High Risk Px for serious RSV

A

Premature babies
Underlying heart disease
Immunocompromised
Tobacco exposure
Impaired Airway Clearance (cystic fibrosis)

72
Q

_____ needs isolation and PPE

A

RSV

73
Q

Tx for RSV

A

Supportive (admin of O2, IV fluids, neubulized cold steam)

Aerosolized Ribavirin @High Risk Px

74
Q

RT pathogen that ALWAYS have beta lactamasas

A

Moraxella Catharralls

75
Q

T or F: Moraxella no suele causar enfermedad grave más que en inmunocomprometidos

A

T

76
Q

30% de las cepas tienen beta lactamasas

A

H.influenzae

77
Q

Serotypes @H.influenzae

A

6

78
Q

Needs factors V and X to grow

A

H.infleunzae

79
Q

Epiglotitis and Bacteremia

A

H.influenzae

80
Q

Cultivo para H.influenzae

A

Agar Chocolate

81
Q

T or F: H.influenzae NO cuenta con vacunas

A

F

82
Q

Walking pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

83
Q

Bacteria that causes atypical pneumonia + secondary complications (neuro, pericarditis, hemolytic anemia, arthritis, mucocutaneous lessions)

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

84
Q

Cultivo para Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Lowestein Jensen

85
Q

Tx for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Macrolides

86
Q

Factor de virulence en Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Adhesina 1

permite la adhesion y perdida de células epiteliales ciliadas del RT

87
Q

Serotypes @S.pneumoniae

A

> 90

88
Q

Unique component of cell wall @S.pneumoniae

A

Phosphorylcholine

89
Q

S.pneumoniae colonizes the _____

A

Oropharynx

90
Q

Virulence factors of S.influenzae

A

Pneumolysin = creates pores and destroyed ciliated and phagocytic cells

Polisacarido capsular

91
Q

Incidence of S.pneumoniae

A

Winter

92
Q

Route of Tranmission of S.pneumoniae

A

Colonized bacteria that migrate
Airborne droplets

93
Q

T or F: @S.pneumoniae px usually have symptoms of viral respiratory tract infection 1-3 days prior

A

T

94
Q

Serotype of H.influenzae that causes Abcesses

A

3

95
Q

RT pathogeen that can cause otitis media

A

Moraxella
S.pneumoniae
H.infuenzae

96
Q

T or F: There is NO vaccine vs. S.penumoniae

A

F

Polisacaridos = > serotipos
Conjugada = > cara + >inmunogenica

97
Q

Culture for S.pneumoniae

A

Blood agar

98
Q

Encapsulated H.influenzae is common cause of

A

Otitis media @children
Exacerbation of COPD

99
Q

Solid organ transplant as route of transmission (RTI)

A

Adenovirus

100
Q

Myocarditis and Rhabdomyolysis are complications of which RTI

A

Adenovirus

101
Q

RTI that causes Tonsilitis and Adenoid infection

A

Adenovirus

102
Q

T or F: Adenovirus also causes rhinorrea

A

T

103
Q

RTI that if complicated can cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Coronavirus

104
Q

Respiratory Tract Virus that can be transmitted by Fomites

A

Adenovirus
Rhinovirus

= because they are noneveloped

105
Q

RTI that causes respiratory distress + inspiratory stridor

A

Parainfluenza

106
Q

Tripod position @RTI

A

Haemophilius influenzae

107
Q

RTI complication: Morbid Obesity

A

Influenza Virus

108
Q

“Flu”

A

Influenza

109
Q

Virulence Factor: IgA1 protease

A

Haemophilius influenzae

110
Q

RTI that causes Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

111
Q

IgM cold aglutin response

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Pathophysiology Of Infectious Diseases (4 decks)

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