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D&T3 Exam 1 > Uterus, Fallopian Tubes-Carpenter > Flashcards

Uterus, Fallopian Tubes-Carpenter Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinosarcoma

Define

A

Endometrial adenocarcinoma and ass malignant stromal component

Highly malignant

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2
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Arise de novo from myometrium

Numerous genetic alterations with complex karyotypes and chromosomal abnormalities

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3
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

Morphology

A

Bulky fleshy mass within wall

Grows as polypoid mass

May just look like large leiomyoma

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4
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 1

Behavior

A

Indolent tumor

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5
Q

Adenomyosis

Sx

A

Similar to endometriosis

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6
Q

Endometriosis

In ovary

Histology

A

See endometrial glands and stroma along with hemosiderin-laden macrophages

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7
Q

Endometriosis

Metaplastic theory

A

May arise directly from coelemic

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8
Q

Leiomyomas

Microscopic

A

Whirled bundles of bland muscle with low mitotic count

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9
Q

Acute Endometritis

Diagnosis

A

Microabscesses seen along with destructions of glandular epithelium

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10
Q

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

Histology

A

Malignant glands invading into the wall and mymetrium

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11
Q

Chronic Endometritis

Causes

A

Chronic PID

Postpartum/postabortion

Intrauterine contraceptive devices

Pts with TB

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12
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 2

Precursor

A

Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma

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13
Q

Endometriosis

Regurgitation theory

A

Get retrograde menses

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14
Q

Inadequate Luteal Phase

Endometrial biopsy

A

Shows secretory endometrium that lags behind expected changes

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15
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

Microscopic

A

Inc mitotic rate

> 10 mitosis per 10/hpf

Cytologic atypia

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16
Q

Suppurative salpingitis

Ass

A

Ass with Gonococcus

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17
Q

Endometrial Polyps

Types

A
  1. Contains functional endometrium

2. Contains cystic, hyperplastic epithelium

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18
Q

Tubal Endometriosis

Histology

A

Glands and stroma

Normal tubal epithelium

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19
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 2

Behavior

A

Aggressive

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20
Q

Endometriosis

Morphology

A

Little powder burn marks

Responds to hormonal influences and may bleed

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21
Q

Endometriosis

Define

A

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma in abnormal locations outside the uterus

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22
Q

Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding (DUB)

Most commonly presents at

A

Menarche and perimenopause

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23
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 1

Clinical

A

Unopposed estrogen

Obesity

Hypertension

Diabetes

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24
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 2

Clinical

A

Thin

Atrophy

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25
Q

Paratubal cysts

A

Small to prominent cysts hanging off Fallopian tubes

Aka hydatid cys of morgagni

Little clinical significance

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26
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 1

Precursor

A

Hyperplasia

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27
Q

Leiomyomas

Morphology

A

Well circumscribed firm white masses

Can be large and distort uterus

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28
Q

Endometrial Polyps

Sx

A

Can cause bleeding

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29
Q

Endometriosis

Seen most commonly in…

A

Ovaries

Uterine ligaments

Rectovaginal septum

Peritoneum

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30
Q

Endometriosis

Can cause

A

Infertility

Dysmenorrhea

Pelvic pain

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31
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Ass conditions

A

Menopause

Polycystic ovarian disease

Excessive ovarian cortical function

Prolonged estrogen replacement therapy

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32
Q

Endometriosis

When does it occur?

A

Active reproductive time

33
Q

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

Diagnosis

A

Not pap

Do biopsy

34
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 1

Tumor characteristics

A

Endometriosis MC

Forms polypoid mass

Thickened endometrium

35
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Genetic alterations

A

Inactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor (more sensitive to estrogen)

36
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Atypical

A

Inc number of glands with complex structure and atypical nuclear features

37
Q

Adenomyosis

Histology

A

See Fock of endometrial glands and stroma within uterine wall

Can form hemorrhagic nests within the wall

38
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Types

A

Non-atypical

Atypical (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia)

39
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Define

A

Excessive bleeding either between or during menses

40
Q

Acute Endometritis

Commonly seen in…

A

Patients after delivery or miscarriage

Following instrumentation or due to retained products of conception

41
Q

Chronic Endometritis

Tx

A

Antibiotics

42
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 2

Tumor characteristics

A

Serous carcinoma- similar to ovarian

43
Q

Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding (DUB)

Results in…

A

Excessive and prolonged estrogen stimulation without development of progesterone phase

44
Q

Fallopian Tube adenocarcinoma

A

Rare tumor

Poor prognosis

45
Q

Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding (DUB)

Common causes

A

Endocrine disorders

Ovarian disorders

Systemic disorders

46
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 2

Genetic alterations

A

TP53

47
Q

Inadequate Luteal Phase

Define

A

Corpus lute up does not function properly

Puts out inadequate amounts of progesterone

Results in irregular cycles

48
Q

Chronic Endometritis

Histology

A

Plasma cells in endometrium

49
Q

Inadequate Luteal Phase

Presentation

A

Presents with infertility

See either bleeding or amenorrhea

50
Q

Fallopian tubes

Infection

A

Suppurative salpingitis

51
Q

Endometrial Polyps

Histology

A

Multiple dilated endometrial glands

Fibrous stroma

52
Q

MC common invasive carcinoma of female genital tract

A

Endometrial carcinoma

53
Q

Leiomyomas

Clinical course

A

Can be asymptomatic

Can be ass with abnormal bleeding, urinary frequency, pain, impaired fertility

Rare malignancy

54
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Cause

A

Prolonged estrogen stimulation (unopposed estrogen)

55
Q

Carcinosarcoma

Stromal component

A

Muscle, osteoporosis cartilage

56
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Non-atypical

A

Inc number of simple dilated glands

57
Q

Endometriosis

Lymphvascular theory

A

May spread through pelvic vessels

58
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 2

A

Age 65-75

59
Q

Abnormal uterine bleeding

What to rule out

A

Endometrial hyperplasia and cancer

60
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 1

Genetic alterations

A

PTEN

61
Q

Inadequate Luteal Phase

Diagnosis

A

Perform biopsy after ovulation

62
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Can cause

A

Excessive uterine bleeding

63
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

Characteristics

A

Peak 40-60yrs

Strong tendency to recur

Can spread to lungs, bone, brain

64
Q

Menstrual Cycle

Secretory

A

From time of ovulation to menses

No mitoses

Inc gland complexity

Basal vacuolation=ovulation

Inc secretion in glandular lumen

65
Q

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

Clinical course

A

Present as bleeding, can see thickened endometrial lining on ultrasound

Can be asymptomatic

66
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Type 1

A

MC

Age 55-65

67
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Atypical (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia)

A

Inc glands with more crowding, enlargement, nuclear atypia

Significant risk for progressing to adenocarcinoma

Generally hysterectomy is performed

68
Q

Leiomyomas

A

Benign

Called fibroids

75% of women

69
Q

Endometriosis

In ovary

Common presentation

A

Large cyst filled with brown material (called chocolate cyst or endometrioma)

70
Q

Leiomyomas

Common alteration

A

40% have simple chromosomal abnormality with normal karyotype

Each tumor is unique clonal neoplasm

71
Q

Fallopian tubes

Benign lesions

A

Endometriosis

72
Q

Endometrial Polyps

Define

A

Common polyploid mass that occurs in endometrium

Benign

73
Q

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

Cross section

A

Thickened endometrium and invasion into the wall

74
Q

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Non-atypical

A

See inc gland to stromal ratio

Can see cyst formation

Rarely progresses to carcinoma

Generally treated medically

75
Q

Menstrual Cycle

Proliferative

A

Time from end of menses until ovulation

Glandular mitoses

Estrogen

76
Q

Dysfunctional uterine Bleeding (DUB)

MC cause

A

Anovulatory cycles

77
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

Morphology

A

Exophytic tumor protruding from and filling endometrial cavity

78
Q

Endometriosis

Histology

A

Collection of endometrial glands and stroma

D&T3 Exam 1 (19 decks)

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