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3th quater > UT circuity vocab > Flashcards

UT circuity vocab Flashcards

1
Q

what characteristic will influenced the instrument and transducer?

A

it will influence the resolution, sensitivity and penetration

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2
Q

name the five circuit in an A-scan instrument for pulse echo.?

A
  1. clock timer
  2. transmitter
  3. sweep generator
  4. receiver
  5. CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube
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3
Q

provides the constant rate of pulses to be used as a time base for other circuits within the instrument.

A

clock timer

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4
Q
  1. Circuit of the flaw detector that sends the initial pulse voltage to both the transducer and receiver.
  2. input high voltage pulse (short duration) to the Piezoelectric element in the transducer. Tweep generator will input a voltage to the CRT, which causes an initial pulse and sweep display.
A

Transmitter

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5
Q
  1. That circuit of a flaw detector that receives both the initial pulse voltage from the transmitter and the returning echoes ( as voltage) from the transducer.
  2. sense the low voltage created when the piezoelectric element in the transducer and converts received mechanical energy to electrical energy. then the signal then the signal is amplified, filtered, and rectified and displayed onto the CRT.
A

Receiver

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6
Q

T.V monitor. two types of phosphorus being used are log and momentary persistence. long persistence creates a fading effect to indications displayed. momentary allows indications to appear as soon as electrons no longer bombarding it.

A

CRT. Cathode Ray Tube

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7
Q

changing the pulse repetition rate will affect the time between transmitted pulses. different forms include fixed, variable by switches , and variables by range control.

A

Pulse repetition rate

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8
Q

Changes the voltage applied to the Piezoelectric element. higher voltage excitation pulses result in deeper penetration.

A

Pulse energy

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9
Q

provide to match transmitter output to the resonant frequency of the transducer. provides maximum energy conversion between the transmitter and transducer.

A

pulse tuning

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10
Q

change the duration of the pulse applied to the Piezoelectric element. increasing it will decrease penetration and increase resolution.

A

pulse length (dampening)

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11
Q

provides calibrated adjustment for indication amplitude. used to make discontinuity size comparison.

A

Gain control

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12
Q

used to suppress low amplitude indications that appear on the CRT. any tuning or frequency control doesn’t change the frequency of the transducer

A

reject control

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13
Q

instrument capable of receiving and tuning to a specific frequency is considered a narrow band instrument. broad bandwidth- wide range of frequencies.

A

Band width

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14
Q

The measure of resistance sound encounters as it travels through a particular medium. it is equal in magnitude to the product of the sound velocity (c) multiplied by the medium’s density

A

Acoustic Impedance

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15
Q

The boundary between two media of differing acoustic of absorbing or dispersing the sound pulses reflected within the wedge.

A

Acoustic interface

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16
Q

A strong sound attenuating wedge on an angle beam transducer which has the function of absorbing or dispersing the sound pulses reflected within the wedge.

A

Acoustic Swamp

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17
Q

can be considered, for practical purposes, to be the point on the CRT display which represents the entry surface of the specimen

A

Acoustic Zero

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18
Q

As an indication on the CRT, the vertical height of an indication measured from the lowest to the highest point of the indication.

A

Amplitude

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19
Q

a testing technique in which the crystal is placed at an angle to the test surface so that ultrasonic waves enter the material in a direction angular to the test surface

A

Angle beam testing

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20
Q

A pulse-echo technique whereby the CRT display show the pulse travel time in the horizontal direction to which one can ascribe the corresponding sound paths. in the vertical direction the maximum value of the acoustic pressure echo amplitude received by the transducer is displayed.

A

A-SCAN

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21
Q

A reduction in strength of force. the gradual loss of energy as sound travels through a medium.

A

Attenuation

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22
Q

(back echo) the echo representing the side of the specimen opposite the side to which the transducer is coupled. this echo represents the thickness of the specimen at the point.

A

Back wall Echo

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23
Q

the point on the base of an angle beam transducer’s wedge from which the sound leaves the wedge and enters the specimen.

A

Beam Index Point

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24
Q

A diagram in which entire circuit stages or sections are shown by geometric figures.

A

block diagram

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25
Q

A sectional representation (cross section) of a test specimen, usually performed in an immersion system. this sectional representation can be in the form of a photograph or recorded display.

A

B-scan

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26
Q

The graduation of an instrument to enable measurements in definite units which will be used during scanning.

A

Calibration

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27
Q

A vacuum tube consisting essentially of an electron gun producing a beam of electrons which, after passing between horizontal and vertical deflection plates, falls upon a luminescent screen; the position of the beam can be observed by the luminescence produced upon the screen. Electric potentials applied to the deflection plates are used to control the position of the beam, and its movement across the screen, in any desired manner.

A

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

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28
Q

The period of the clock (time), ie., the amount of time elapsing between pulses of the lock

A

Clock Interval

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29
Q

A cable consisting of a central conducing wire together with a concentric cylindrical conductor, the space between the two being filled with a dielectric substance.

A

Coaxial cable

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30
Q

A material (usually a liquid) used between the transducer and the test specimen to eliminate air from this space, and thus insuring the passage of sound waves into and out of the specimen

A

Couplant

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31
Q

Either the largest tolerable defect or the smallest intolerable defect. the critical defect size is usually given by the specification

A

Critical Defect

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32
Q

A plan view of a test specimen usually performed in an immersion system. this plan view is displayed by a recorder presentation

A

C-scan

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33
Q

Effectively reduces the ringing or oscillating of the Piezoelectric crystal by allowing a variably decrease in the initial pulse voltage sent from transmitter to the crystal.

A

Damping (control)

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34
Q

A unit of sound measurement, a unit which compares levels of power.

A

Decibel

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35
Q

A general term applied to all cracks, inclusions, blow holes, slags, etc… not normally found in the material. each of which will reflect sonic energy

A

Discontinuity

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36
Q

The scattering of the sound waves of an Ultrasonic beam because of reflection from a highly irregular surface, composed of many reflecting surfaces of different orientation in respect to the test surface.

A

Dispersa

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37
Q

A method of flaw evaluation that uses a test block with a known size reflector, at varying distances from the search unit. this allows plotting of a curve on the CRT that represents the amplitude of that reflector throughout time. this curve shows loss of energy due to beam spread and attenuation ( ASME)

A

Distance Amplitude Correction ( DAC)

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38
Q

A transducer containing two Piezoelectric crystals, one of which only transmits sound, the other only receives sound.

A

Dual Element Transducer

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39
Q

Signifies the peak height of the echo as displayed in a linear form on the CRT (usually above the baseline)

A

Echo Amplitude

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40
Q

The point in time when the transmitter fires the initial pulse ( Voltage) to the transducer and receiver, and the point on the CRT where the electron bam leaves the baseline due to the initial pulse signal coming from the transmitter.

A

Electrical Zero

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41
Q

That portion of the sound beam where interference effects cease to exist.

A

Far Field

42
Q

The minimum incident angle in the wedge at which the refracted longitudinal wave is eliminated from the test specimen

A

First Critical Angle

43
Q

The number of complete cycles undergone or produced by an oscillating body in one second

A

Frequency

44
Q

A term used in electronics with reference to an increase in signal power.

A

Gain

45
Q

Amount of calibrated gain available within the instrument

A

Gain Control

46
Q

Plates, place one on each side within a CRT that can be variably adjusted with respect to the speed in which they change polarity, thus causing the electron beam to sweep left and right across the horizontal trace.

A

Horizontal Deflection Plates

47
Q

A test method, useful for testing irregularly shaped parts, in which the part to be tested is immersed in water ( or other liquid) so that the liquid acts as a couplant. the search unit is also immersed in the liquid, but not in contact with the part being tested.

A

Immersion testing

48
Q

The angle between a sound beam striking an interface and the normal angle to the surface at that point

A

Incidence, angle of

49
Q

A signal or response vertically appearing from the baseline of the CRT caused by, and indicative of, an echo from the material under test.

A

Indication

50
Q

The number of decibels of calibrated gain which must be set on the instrument to bring the indication echo (signal) to peak at the reference amplitude.

A

Indication level (defect)

51
Q

The pulse of electricity sent by the transmitter to the receiver and transducer

A

Initial pulse

52
Q

The metric prefix signifying one thousand (1000)abbreviated ‘k’

A

Kilo

53
Q

Mode of wave propagation characterized by article movement parallel to the direction of wave travel.

A

Longitudinal wave

54
Q

The loss of sound pressure in a traveling wave-front caused by the reflection or the absorption of some of the wave’s sound energy due to the grain structure and/ or porosity within the medium being tested.

A

Material Loss Attenuation (MLA)

55
Q

A substance through which a force acts or an effect is transmitted; surrounding or enveloping substance, environment.

A

Medium

56
Q

The metric prefix signifying one million (1,000,000) abbreviated M’’

A

Mega

57
Q

The metric prefix signifying one millionth (1/1,00,000) ‘u’

A

Micro

58
Q

The changing of a portion of a sound beam’s energy into a wave of the opposite mode due to reflection and / or refraction at incident angles other than normal(zero degrees)

A

Mode Conversion

59
Q

That portion of the sound beam directly in front of the Chrystal where interference (constructive and destructive) can occur.

A

Near Field

60
Q

A device that can produce vibrational waves in a medium

A

Oscillator

61
Q

Maximizing the height of any indication displayed by positioning the main axis of the sound beam directly over the reflector

A

Peaking up

62
Q

The ability of the test system to overcome material loss, attenuation; ie the ability of the sound beam to by-pass small reflector such as grain boundaries and porosity in the specimen

A

Penetration

63
Q

A family of crystals which posses the characteristic ability to produce 1) a voltage differential across their faces when deformed by an externally applied mechanical force, and 2) a change in their own physical configuration when an External voltage is applied

A

Piezoelectric crystal

64
Q

Slang term for transducer or search unit

A

Probe

65
Q

A wave disturbance of short duration

A

Pulse

66
Q

Increase or decreases the amount of voltage applied to the transducer and receiver, thus effecting the ringing time of the piezoelectric Chrystal.

A

Pulse energy (control)

67
Q

The frequency with which the clock circuit sends out its trigger pulses to the sweep generator and the transmitter, usually quoted in terms of pulses per second

A

Pulse Repetition Rate

68
Q

The distance represented by the entire sweep (horizontal) display

A

Range

69
Q

The circuit of a flaw detector that receives both the initial pulse voltage from the transmitter and the returning echoes (as- voltages) from the transducer.

A

Receiver

70
Q

The echo from a reference reflector. may be adjusted to specific amplitudes.

A

Reference echo

71
Q

The number of decibels of calibrated gain which must be set on the instrument to bring the reference reflector to a peak at the reference line on the display

A

Reference level

72
Q

A REFELCTOR OF KNOWN SIZE AT A KNOWN DISTANCE, SUCH AS SIDE DRILLED HOLE, OR FLAT BOTTOM HOLES

A

RECLECTANCE, ANGLE OF

73
Q

The bending of sound beam when it passes through an acoustic interface at an incident angle other than normal. The bending is caused by the difference in wave speed on either side of the interface, thus the refraction is accompanied by a change in wavelength

A

Refraction

74
Q

The angle between a refracted sound beam and the perpendicular.

A

refracted, angle of

75
Q

Also known as suppression, affect the input sensitivity of the amplifier in the receiver. ‘Grass” or metal noise can be reduced or eliminated from the display by its use. on most instrument I destroys the vertical linearity relationship between echo height.

A

Reject (control)

76
Q

The ability of the test system ( instrument and transducer) to distinguish reflectors at slightly different depths, those that lie close together

A

Resolution

77
Q

If, to a system capable of oscillation, a small periodic force is applied, the system is in general set into forced oscillations of small amplitude. as the frequency, “ f” of the exciting force approaches the natural frequency of the system, “fo” the amplitude of the oscillations builds up, becoming a maximum when f=fo. the system is then said to be in resonance with exciting force, or simply in resonance

A

Resonance

78
Q

A wire coil in the body of the transducer which forms a tuned circuit, assuring maximum efficiency at the stated frequency

A

Resonance Coil

79
Q

The minimum incident angle in the wedge at which the refracted shear waves leave the body of the test specimen

A

Second critical angle

80
Q

The ability of the test system ( instrument and transducer) to detect a given size reflector at a given distances.

A

Sensitivity

81
Q

Mode of wave propagation characterized by particle movement perpendicular to the direction of wave travel

A

Shear wave (transverse Wave)

82
Q

The surface distance which represents one V-path of sound in the material (angle beam testing)

A

Skip Distance

83
Q

Of or relating to frequencies within the audible range (the range of human hearing) ie., between 20 and 20,000 cycles/ sec. (hertz)

A

Sonic

84
Q

The characteristic shape of the ultrasonic wave sent into the material

A

Sound Beam

85
Q

The distance from the transducer beam index to the reflector located in the specimen, measured along the actual path the sound travels. sometimes referred to as angular distance in angle beam inspection

A

Sound Path Distance

86
Q

The document which prescribes approves to be followed in a test

A

Specification

87
Q

(Normal Incidence) A transducer which transmits the sound into the material perpendicular to the entry surface

A

Straight beam transducer

88
Q

OF or relating to frequencies below the audible range,. below 20 cycles/ sec (Hertz)

A

SUB-sonic

89
Q

Of or relating to movement through some medium at speed at speeds greater than the speed of sound in that medium.

A

SUPER-sonic

90
Q

The uniform and repeated movement of an electron beam across the CRT

A

Sweep

91
Q

Mode of wave propagation characterized by an elliptical movement of particle (molecule) on the surface of the specimen, this movement penetrates the specimen to a depth of proximately one wavelength

A

Surface Wave (Rayleigh)

92
Q

Circuit of the flaw detector that reverses the polarity of the horizontal deflection plates, thus enabling the electron beam to sweep left and right across the CRT

A

Sweep Generator

93
Q

Special blocks, used as standards, prepared to facilitate the setting of the instrument for test calibration.

A

Test Block

94
Q

A test method in which the vibrations emitted by one search unit are received by another separate unit. The ratio between quantity of vibration sent and received is a measure of soundness, or quality of the material being tested.

A

Through Transmission

95
Q

Circuit that automatically adjusts the gain so that echo amplitudes of a given size reflector is displayed at a constant screen height regardless of the distance to that reflector

A

Time Corrected Gain (TCG)

96
Q

The illuminate line of the screen of the screen of a Cathode Ray Tube caused by the luminescence of the phosphor layer by the electron beam

A

Trace

97
Q

any device that transforms one form of energy into another

A

Transducer

98
Q

Circuit of the flaw detector that sends the initial pulse voltage to both the transducer and receiver.

A

Transmitter

99
Q

Of or relating to frequencies above the audible range, ie greater than 20,000 cycle/sec (Hertz)

A

Ultrasonic

100
Q

The study of pressure waves which are the same nature as sound waves, but which have frequencies above the audible limit.

A

Ultrasonics.

101
Q

The top and bottom plates of the CRT THAT ARE CONTROLLED BY THE RECEIVER SUB-CIRCUIT. THEY VARY THE ECHO AMPLITUDE AS DISPLAYED ON THE CRT AS A FUNCTION.

  1. amount of gain set into the instrument.
  2. size of the reflector
  3. distance to the reflector
A

vertical deflection plates

102
Q

THE ANGULAR DISTANCE SOUND TRAVELS, MEASURED FROM THE TOP SURFACE OF THE MATERIAL TO THE BOTTOM, REFLECTING BACK UP TO THE TOP SURFACE.

A

v-PATH

3th quater (4 decks)

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