UT basic test Flashcards
the indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called?
the back surface reflection.
in immersion testing, the position of the transducer is often varied to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. such a procedure is referred to as?
Angulation
The cable that connects the UT instrument to the transducer is specially design so that one conductor is centered inside another. the technical name fo such a cable is ?
Coaxial cable
The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called?
Calibration
another name for a compressional wave is?
Longitudinal wave
another name for Rayleigh wave is?
Surface waves
a material used between the face of a transducer and the test surface to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibration from the transducer to the material being tested is called?
a couplant
The piezoelectric material in a transducer that vibrated to produce UT waves is called?
Crystal
UT testing of material where the transducer is in direct contact with the material being tested may be:
Straight beam, surface wave, and Angle beam.
An advantage of using Lithium sulfate in transducers is that it ?
is one of the most efficient receivers of UT energy
The transducers that contains the thinnest Piezoelectric crystal is
1MHZ-
5MHZ
15MHZ
25MHZ CORRECT
A 25mhz transducer would most likely be used during?
immersion testing
the amount of beam spread divergence from a crystal is primarily dependent on the ?
Frequency
When an UT beam passes through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, a new angle of sound travel takes place in the second material due to?
Refraction
The velocity of surface waves is proximately _______ the velocity of shear waves in the same material.
9/10
Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power?
1 MHZ
5 MHZ
10 MHZ
25 MHZ CORRECT
which of the following materials of the same alloy is most likely to produce the greatest amount of sound attenuation over a given distances?
A coarse- grained casting
in contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as ?
The initial pulse
An UT instrument display pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often referred to as ‘hash’ ) could be caused by?
Course-grained material
A test method employing two separate transducers on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called?
through-transmission testing
The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a given period of time (usually 1 s) is referred to as the?
frequency of a wave motion
The boundary between two different materials that are in contact with each other is called?
an interface
When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a ?
Longitudinal wave
When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a ?
shear wave
“25 million cycle per second “ can also be stated as
25 MHz
Moving a transducer over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as?
Scanning
A term used in UT to express the rate at which sound waves pass trough various substances is ?
Velocity
When a vertical indication has reached to the maximum signal height which can be displayed or viewed on the display of an UT instrument, the indication is said to have reached its?
Vertical level.
An UT TESTING TECHNIQUE IN WHICH THE TRANSDUCER ELEMENT IS NOT PARALLEL TO THE TEST SURFACE IS CALLED ?
ANGLE BEAM TESTING
Most commercial UT testing is accomplished using frequencies between :
1 and 25 MHz
1 and 1000 MHz
0.2 and 25 MHz
15 and 100 MHz
0.2 and 25 MHz
In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents:
the elapsed time or distances
In an A-scan presentation, the amplitude of vertical indications on the display represent the :
amount of UT sound energy returning to the transducer
Which of the following test frequencies would generally provide the best penetration on a 12 in thick specimen of coarse-grained steel? 1 MHz 2.25 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz
1 MHz
In a basic UT test pattern (A-scan) for contact testing (assuming no sweep delay is used), the initial pulse
is the high indication on the extreme left side of the display that represents the entry surface of the inspected part?
An UT test using a straight beam contact transducer is being conducted through the thickness of a part such as a plate. this test should detect?
Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface.
In UT testing, a liquid coupling medium between the crystal surface and the part surface is necessary because?
An air interface between the crystal surface and the part surface would almost completely reflect the UT vibration
Entry surface resolution is characteristic of an UT testing system which defines its ability to?
detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested.
During UT testing by the immersion method, it is frequently necessary to angulate the transducer when a discontinuity is located in order to?
obtain a maximum response if the discontinuity is not originally oriented perpendicular to the UT beam.
All other factors being equal, the mode of vibration that has the greatest velocity is the ?
Longitudinal wave
on the area amplitude UT standard test blocks, the flat bottom holes in the are?
Different i diameter, increasing by 0.016 inch increment from the No1 “8” inch block
In immersion testing, verification that the transducer is normal to a flat entry surface is indicated by?
Maximum reflection from the entry surface
A Piezoelectric material can?
covert an mechanical energy to electrical energy
Sound waves of a frequency beyond of the human ear are referred to as UT waves or vibrations, and the term embraces all vibrational waves of frequency greater than approximately?
20 000 Hz
The velocity of sound waves is dependent on ?
the material, material thickness, and UT Frequency ( time between signals on the display)
A disadvantage of using natural quartz in a transducer is that?
it is the least effective generator of Ultrasonic energy of all commonly used material.
An advantage of using a ceramics transducer in transducers is that ?
is one of the most efficient generators of UT energy
The primary purpose of reference blocks is to ?
obtain a common reproducible from an instrument.
When testing by the surface wave method, patches of oil or dirt on the surface may ?
cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen
in immersion testing, the most commonly used couplant is?
Water
The Piezoelectric material in transducer
Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
The shortest wavelength pulse is produced by a frequency of ?
65 MHz
The angle if incidence is ?
equal to the angle of reflection
on many UT testing instruments, an operator conducting an immersion test can remove that portion of the display presentation that represents water distance by adjusting?
Sweep delay control.
A transducer with a frequency greater than 10 MHz will most likely be used during?
an immersion tests
The reference holes in standard aluminum area amplitude UT test blocks contain?
Flat bottom hole
The gradual loss of sonic energy as UT vibration travel through the material is referred to as ?
attenuation
A terms used to describe numerous small indications on the instrument display resulting from test part structure, numerous small discontinuities, or both is often referred to as ?
HASH
When testing a plate, increasing the frequency of an UT longitudinal wave results in?
no change in its velocity
Ut waves transmitted into and received from the test material in the form of repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called ?
Pulse echo testing
Metal blocks, which contain one or more drilled holes to simulate discontinuities, are called?
reference block
if the major dimensions of a discontinuity in a 6 inch thick aluminum plate lie parallel to the entry surface at a dept of 3 inch, it will be best detected by ?
straight beam test
The depth of a discontinuity cannot be determined when using the?
through transmission testing method
When inspecting coarse-grained material, a sound wave is most easily scattered by the grain structure by a frequency of ? 1MHz 2.25 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz
10 MHz
The thickest crystal is contained in ? 1MHz 15 MHz 5 MHz 25 MHz
1 MHz
when performing a surface wave test, indications may result from
A surface discontinuity
Transducer constructed with a plastic wedge or standoff between the transducer element and the test piece are commonly used for?
For an angle beam contact testing
A transducer containing three or more individual transducer elements is often referred to as?
a mosaic transducer
A test method in which the parts to be inspected are placed in a water bath or some other liquid couplant is called?
immersion testing
A separate time base line imposed on the viewing display of some UT testing instruments that permits measurements of distances is often referred to as?
a Marker
A term used to describe the ability of an UT system to distinguish between the entry surface response and the response of discontinuities near the entry surface
resolution
The phenomenon whereby an UT wave changes direction when the wave crosses a boundary between materials with different velocities is called?
Refraction
in a test where the transducer is not perpendicular to the inspection surface, the angle of incidence is equal to ?
the angle of refraction
the product of acoustic velocity of sound in a material and density of the material is the factor that determines the amount of reflection or transmission of UT energy when it reaches an interface. this term is called?
Acoustic impedance
Ultrasonic waves that travel along the surface of a material and whose particle motion is elliptical are called ___________
Rayleigh
the interference field near the face of a transducer is often called ?
Fresnel zone or near zone
when the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave mode within the part will be a :
shear wave
The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is called?
Snell’s law
In a material with a given velocity, when frequency is increased, the wavelength will?
decreased
The most common type of data display used for UT examination of welds is:
an A -scan
The display that plots signal amplitude versus time in called ?
an A-scan
A circuit that coordinates electronics operation of the entire UT instrument system is called?
A clock
UT date, which is presented in a form representative of the cross section of the test specimen, is called?
a B-scan
A plan view display or recording of a part under examination is called?
C-Scan
What type of UT examination uses wheel-type transducers that eliminate the use of tank?
Immersion testing
in addition to other functions, a transducer manipulator in a mechanical immersion-scanning unit permits?
detection of oblique-oriented discontinuities.
A type of data presentation most likely to be used with a high speed automatic scanning system is?
a A-scan presentation
The component in a conventional immersion system that spans the with of the immersion tank is called?
a Bridge
The component in an UT immersion system that is used to adjust and maintain a know transducer angle is called?
a manipulator
An amplitude type gate is necessary for all ?
Automatic examination
ROUGH ENTRY SURFACES CONDITION CAN RESULT IN?
AN INCREASE IN THE WIDTH OF THE FRONT SURFACE ECHO
AND
A LOSS OF ECHO AMPLITUDE FROM DISCONTINUITIES.
As the grain size increases in a material, its principal effect in UT testing is on the?
Attenuation
In straight beam pulse echo testing, a discontinuity with a rough reflecting surface perpendicular to the incident wave has what effect on the detected signal in comparison to a smooth flat bottom hole of the same size?
it decreases the detected signal
ut vibrations can be propagate only in the longitudinal mode in? machine oil aluminum ice beryllium
machine oil
What can cause non -relevant indications on the cathode ray tube
contoured surface
edge effects
surface conditions
Attenuation is a ?
test material parameter
For discontinuity geometries other than flat, the echo amplitude is usually_______ from that observed for a flat defect, of similar orientation perpendicular to the sound beam?
decrease
The pulser circuit in an UT instrument is used to?
activate the transducer
a B-scan display shows the relative ?
distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and its length in the direction of the transducer travel.
Surface(Rayleigh) waves traveling on the top face of block?
are reflected from a sharp edge corner
surface (Rayleigh) waves are more highly attenuated by?
a heavy couplant
The velocity in a material is dependent upon the?
Material properties
TO vary or change the wavelength pf sound being used to test a part, change the ______
SOUND WAVE FREQUENCY
UT VIBRATION ARE COMMONLY USED TO?
EXAMINE MATERIALS FOR DISCONTINUITIES, THICKNESS, AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
IF FREQUENCY IS INCREASED , WAVELENGTH ___
DECREASES. BECOMES SHORTER
MOST FERROUS AND NONFERROUS WELD MAY BE ULTRASONICALLY TESTED USING A FREQUENCY RANGE OF ? 25-100khz 200-500khz 3-6Mhz 1-2.25MHz
1-2.25 MHz
The product of the material density and the velocity of sound within that material is referred to as?
Acoustic impedance
A straight beam contact transducer consists of?
a case, a crystal, a mount, and a backing
For a given incident angle, as frequency of the transducer increases, the refracted angle?
stay the same
Both longitudinal and shear waves may be simultaneously generated in a second medium when the angle if incidence is?
between normal and the first critical angle
