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Neurology Questions > USMLEasy 4 > Flashcards

USMLEasy 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome? Typical cause?

A 
#Vertigo/ataxia
#Sensory loss
#Dysphasia/cups

Vertebral artery occlusion

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1
Q

Symptoms of ergot toxicity?

Usual cause?

A

Posterior column/dorsal root degeneration

Rye fungus (Claviceps purpurea)

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2
Q

Non-pituitary Tumor associated with precocious puberty?

A

Pineal tumor

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3
Q

How is botulism similar to Lambert Eaton?

A

Posttetanic potentiation of compound muscle action potential in both

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4
Q

Initial sign of seizure is smell hallucination – localization?

A

Hippocampus (temporal lobe)

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5
Q

Tumors in the posterior fossa generally do not produce what symptom?

A

Seizure

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6
Q

Ependymoma can cause death via?

A

Transforaminal or transtentorial herniation

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7
Q

Patient gets severe spinal trauma – when does patient evolve into hyperreflexia and spasticity?

A

3 days to 3 weeks

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8
Q

Signs of Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome?

A 
# erythrocytosis
#Hepato- splenomegaly
#Microscopic hematuria
#Ataxia
#Telangiectasias in the fundi on retinal exam
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9
Q

Lhermitte sign? Indicates?

A

Electrical sensation radiating down spine with neck flexion

Spinal cord disease
NO toxicity

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10
Q

Signs of Frederich ataxia?

Compared to normal individuals, patients with Frederich disease are more likely to develop?

Age of presentation?

A 
#Kyphoscoliosis
#Pes cavus
#Gait/cerebellar problems
#Diabetes
#Cardiac conduction defects

Childhood

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11
Q

Effective alcohol on fetal brain?

A 
#Impaired neuronal migration
#Microcephaly
#Hyperactivity learning disabilities
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12
Q

Classic migraine versus common migraine?

A

Aura versus no aura

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13
Q

VZV ophthalmicus – which ocular motor nerve is most likely to be affected?

A

CN 4 because it shares it’s nerve sheath with Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

Mumps measles and varicella are aquired how?

Polio?

Rabies?

A

Inhalation

G.I. tract

Retrograde axonoplasmic flow

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15
Q

CN most likely to be injured in sarcoidosis?

A

CN 7

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16
Q

Tumors caused by Von Hippel-Lindau?

A 
#Hemangioblastoma's
#renal carcinomas
17
Q

Uhthoff’s phenomenon?

A

Patients with demyelinating diseases become worse with heat

18
Q

Drug to give an MS patient with bedwetting?

If patient has urinary retention?

A

Oxybutynin – anti-cholinergic

Methacholine - cholinergic

19
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme – best treatment?

A

Radiation (chemotherapy has no benefits)

20
Q

Baclofen used for? Other option for this problem?

A

Spasticity

Tizanidine (a2-blocker)

21
Q

Most common oculomotor paresis?

A

CN6 (not CN3)

22
Q

Patients posttransplant may develop a syndrome similar to? Due to what?

A

Hypertensive encephalopathy

Cyclosporine or tacrolimus

23
Q

Young woman with poorly responsive pupils - suspected diagnosis? Associated findings?

A

Aide tonic pupil (benign tonic pupillary dilation)

absent Achilles ankle jerks

24
Q

Meige syndrome? Tx?

A

Idiopathic Focal dystonia (lip retraction, jaw opening, blinking etc)

Botox

25
Q

General paresis?

A

Manifestation of neurosyphilis - delusions, dementia, tremor, myoclonus, spasticity

26
Q

Congenital hydrocephalus linked to?

A

Maternal mumps/rubella infection

27
Q

Seizures from tuberous sclerosis - tx?

A

ACTH

28
Q

Spinal cord infarction - most likley CSF change?

A

Elevated protein

29
Q

Hyperacusis indicates lesion of?

A

VII

30
Q

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher

A

Sudanophillic leukodystrophy

Young child with demyelinating disease

31
Q

Post SAH, patients should be treated with?

A

Ca channel blocker to prevent vasospasm

32
Q

Down beating nystagmus suggests a lesion where? Typical diagnosis?

A

Cervicomedullary junction; meningioma

33
Q

Ocular bobbing? Suggests lesion where?

A

Conjugate deviations of the eyes

Damage to the pons

34
Q

Polyspike and wave discharges in a child? Treatment?

A

West syndrome

ACTH

35
Q

Role of radiotherapy in meningioma? In astrocytoma?

A

No role versus used postoperatively

36
Q

Neuromyelitis optica?

A

Demyelination of optic nerve and spinal cord

37
Q

Marchiafava-Bignami?

A

Corpus callosum demyelination and necrosis

Coma/stupor and motor

38
Q

One of the most common cerebral diseases of infancy?

A

Canavan

39
Q

Delayed relaxation of reflexes - suspect?

A

Hypothyroid

40
Q

Clumsy-hand and dysarthria - where is infarct?

A

Lacunar

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