USMLE RX Flashcards
How does thyroid hormone increase metabolism?
By increasing the rate of Na+/K+ transport in the cells via Na+/K+ ATPase
Which 2 tumors are famously associated with increased AFP?
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Yolk Sac Tumor
Which of the neural tube defects does not have increase in AFP and AChE?
Spina Bifida Occulta
Which neural tube defect is associated with a tuft of hair?
Spina Bifida Occulta
Which vitamin deficiency is associated iwth neural tube defects?
Folate/Folic Acid (Vitamin B 9)
What causes Dandy-Walker syndrome?
agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, resulting in a compensatory enlargement of the 4th ventricle
Neural crest cells develop into:
Schwann cells, melanocytes, enterochromaffin cells, PNS
what is the major neurotransmitter implicated in REM sleep?
ACh
What is the genetic inheritance for Huntington’s? What chromosome is it on?
AD; Chromosome 4
what is the age of onset for Huntington’s disease?
40 yrs
which nucleus in the basal ganglia is destroyed in Huntington’s disease?
caudate nucleus
what is the significance of watershed zones? where do they occur in the cortical circulation?
Watershed zones are those areas of the brain most susceptible to hypoperfusion. they occur between the ACA and MCA and then again between MCA and PCA.
What are some hormones that increase serum glucose concentration?
- T3/T4
- epinephrine
- glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- glucagon
- growth hormone
During which stage of lung development does respiration become possible?
cannalicular (weeks 16-25)
Decribe the vasculature of a bronchopulmonary segment?
artery in the center, veins and lymphatics run along the edges of each segment
