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Rote Memorization for Boards > True Learn > Flashcards

True Learn Flashcards

1
Q

Marker for colorectal cancer?

A

CEA

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2
Q

MOA of Acetazolamide?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that acts at the proximal convoluted tubule and impairs bicarbonate reabsorption

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3
Q

Name a complication of Acetazolamide use

A

renal tubular acidosis type 2

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4
Q

HPV subtypes responsible for condyloma acuminata

A

6 and 11

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5
Q

HPV subtypes responsible for cervical cancer

A

16,18,31,33

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6
Q

At what age does schizophrenia usually present?

A

20’s

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7
Q

How long do + and - schizo sx need to last to be considered schizophrenia?

A

at least 6 months

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8
Q

Pt presents with hemiparesis/paralysis of the face and arm moreso than the LE. Where was the stroke?

A

contralateral MCA

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9
Q

Pt presents with hemineglect and aphasia. Where was the stroke?

A

left MCA

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10
Q

Which structures are usually compromised in ovarian torsion?

A

infundibulopelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of ovary); houses Ovarian A. and V.

is an emergency

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11
Q

Drug of choice to reduce inflammation in ulcerative colitis?

A

sulfasalazine

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12
Q

Fever, night sweats, and weight loss are sx of what?

A

TB

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13
Q

Caseous necrosis in which lymph nodes is indicative of TB?

A

hilar

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14
Q

Which antibodies are specific for limited cutaneous scleroderma?

A

anti-centromere antibodies

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15
Q

Name some H2 receptor antagonists (proton pump inhibitors)

A

ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine

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16
Q

Name a GI side effect common in diabetics

A

gastroparesis due to autonomic damage

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17
Q

What drug is used to treat gastroparesis in DM and how does it work?

A

metoclopramide; stimulates peristalsis by blocking dopamine receptors; can have extrapyramidal side effects

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18
Q

What is Efaviranez?

A

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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19
Q

Does efaviranez incorporate itself into viral DNA?

A

no

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20
Q

How does phenytoin cause folate deficiency?

A

it inhibits intestinal conjugase, an enzyme necessary to convert folate into an absorbable form in the jejunum

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21
Q

Name a type of agar specifically used to grow Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Thayer-Martin chocolate agar

22
Q

What loop diuretic is used in people with sulfa allergy?

A

ethacrynic acid

23
Q

How is muscle contraction initiated in the myocyte?

A

calcium binds troponin, which causes a conformational change in troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose the myosin binding sites on actin

24
Q

What type of virus in Rhino virus?

A

picornavirus

25
Q

What are some characteristics of Rhinovirus?

A

picornavirus, non-enveloped, positive sense RNA virus in which the genome acts directly as mRNA. Has antigenic variability

26
Q

What are sx of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegners)?

A

mucosal ulcers, sinusitis with rapidly progressive renal failure

(also lung involvement) organs involved shaped as a “C”

27
Q

What marker is elevated in granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A

C-ANCA

28
Q

What is elevated in folate deficiency?

A

homocysteine

29
Q

What is elevated in B12 deficiency?

A

homocysteine AND methylmalonic acid

30
Q

What is specificity?

A

the ability to detect the absence of disease

31
Q

how is specificity calculated?

A

true negative/sum of pts without disease (true negative/truenegatives + false positives

32
Q

Name an agar usee to grow fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Sabouraud dextrose agar

33
Q

What sx start and end a rapidly progressive cresentic glomuerulonephritis (RPCG)?

A

starts with hemoptysis and ends with renal failure

34
Q

How can you determine the underlying disease states causing RPCG?

A

ANCA staining

35
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat myasthenia gravis?

A

pyridostigmine

36
Q

What are the side effects of pyridostigmine?

A

muscarininc side effects such as abdominal cramping and diarrhea

37
Q

Persistant inflammatory muscle disease (chronic inflammatory myopathy) that causes weakness of the skeletal muscles WITHOUT a rash

A

polymyositis

38
Q

How does polymyositis present?

A

insidious onset of symmetrical proximal muscle weakness WITHOUT a rash

39
Q

What is seen on histology in polymyositis?

A

endomysial inflammation (CD8+ T cells) with necrotic muscle fibers

40
Q

What is a cardiac risk factor of folate deficiency (elevated homocysteine)?

A

elevted levels of homocysteine increase the risk for vessel thrombosis; leads to hypercoagulability due to direct arterial injury via homocysteine destruction of elastin, collagen, and proteoglycans

41
Q

X-linked diseases due to a deficiency in iduronate sulfatase?

A

Hunter syndrome; causes coarse facial features

42
Q

What type of injury will be seen with medial epicondyle injury?

A

ulnar nerve injury resulting in claw hand

43
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

medial cord of the brachial plexus

44
Q

What is the most common adult onset muscular dystrophy?

A

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

45
Q

What is the genetic inheritance of myotonic muscular dystrophy?

A

autosomal dominant, exhibits anticipation

46
Q

What is a superantigen released by staph aureus?

A

TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome)

47
Q

How does the TSST-1 superantigen of staph aureus cause toxic shock syndrome?

A

TSST-1 binds MHC-II and T cell receptor outside the antigenetic groove, which activates a large number of T-cells to stimulate release of IFN and IL-2

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine?

A

binds to cyclophilins inhibiting calcineurin

49
Q

What is donepezil?

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in treatment of Alzheimers

50
Q

What is the MOA of donepezil?

A

blocks the metabolism of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase at the synapse

Rote Memorization for Boards (10 decks)

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