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High-Yield Stuff > USMLE- Classic labs-findings - Sheet1 > Flashcards

USMLE- Classic labs-findings - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

CREST

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3
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)- against desmosomes

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4
Q

Anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (GN + hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Anti-histone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, IHN, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

AKA RF- Rheumatoid Arthritis

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7
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1o biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

ANCAs

A

vasculitides (wegener’s, PAN), Churg-Strauss syndrome

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9
Q

cANCA

A

Wegener’s

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10
Q

pANCA

A

PAN

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11
Q

ANA (anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE

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12
Q

Anti-topoisomerase I

A

AKA- Anti scl70- Systemic Sclerosis

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13
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial

A

Celiac dz (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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14
Q

Apple Core lesion on abdominal X-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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15
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods- AML, esp AML-M3 acute promyelocytic leukemia

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16
Q

Bacitracin Response

A

sensitive: Group A strep, Resistant: Group B strep (B-BRAS)

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17
Q

bamboo spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (assoc with HLA-B27)

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies: splenectomy or non-functional spleen

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

SAH

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21
Q

Boot-shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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22
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner’s)

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24
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. 2/2 hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzii)

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26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

rapidly progressing crescentic GN

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27
Q

Chocolate cyst in the ovary

A

Endometriosis- frequently involves both ovaries

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28
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright Rosettes: Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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29
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AR mutation in CFTR)

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30
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnl

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31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal columns

A

Tabes Dorsalis (3o syphilis), vit E deficiency, B-12 deficiency

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32
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

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33
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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34
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor in the ovary)

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35
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (think HPV-16, 18)

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36
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl’s eye” appearance of CMV

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37
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic cytolasmic inclusion in hepatocyte

A

mallory bodies (EtOH)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic cutoplasmic inclusion in nerve cells

A

Lewy bodies

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40
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Counciman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

41
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

AKA- negri bodies. Rabies

42
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s)

43
Q

Giant B-cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl’s eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

44
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-duval bodies (germ cell tumors)

45
Q

“Hair-on-End” (crew cut) appearance on X-ray

A

beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

46
Q

hCG elevation

A

Pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, hyaditiform mole, germ cell tumors

47
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

48
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

infectious Mono from EBV

49
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals on bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

50
Q

High D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

51
Q

Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex from 1o TB

52
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray

A

Interstitial fibrosis

53
Q

Hypersegmented PMNs

A

Megaloblastic anemia; low B12 (also has neuro Sxs), low folate

54
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Low Fe, Pb poisoning, thalassemia (high HgbA2, high HgbF)

55
Q

Increased AFP in amnionic fluid

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida

56
Q

Increased Uric Acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

57
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

58
Q

Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

59
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency, partial albinism

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome-

60
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray

A

UC (loss of Haustra)

61
Q

linear appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (GN + hemoptysis)

62
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s dz (hepaticolenticular degeneration)

63
Q

“lumpy-bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Post-streptococcal GN: immune complex deposition of Ig and C3b

64
Q

lytic bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

65
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

66
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma (M protein, usually IgG or IgA); 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, MGUS- normal consequence of aging; 3. Waldenström’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4. Primary amyloidosis
67
Q

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

A

Bence-Jones proteins (Multiple myeloma- kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine); Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (IgM)

68
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet Ring: gastric carcinoma, linitis plastica, krukenburg tumors of the ovary

69
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on Barium radiograph

A

String sign- Crohn’s

70
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals (yellow if parallel)

A

Gout MSU crystals

71
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules (DM nephropathy)

72
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Resistant: S. Saprophyticus, Sensitive: S. Epidermidis (NO StRESs)

73
Q

Nutmeg Liver

A

Chronic congestion 2/2 Right heart failure

74
Q

Onion Skin periostial reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

75
Q

Periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle- Ewing’s sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

76
Q

Podocyte fusion on EM

A

Minimal Change disease (child with nephrosis)

77
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance fo bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (OA)

78
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylated tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s CJD)

79
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

GBM

80
Q

RBC casts

A

Acute GN

81
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig Cells

A

Reinke Crystals (Leydig Cell tumor)

82
Q

Renal Epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

83
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent (blue if parallel)

A

Pseudogout- calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

84
Q

Rib Notching

A

Coarctation

85
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

86
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (starry sky appearance on histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma- t(8,14), c-myc activation associated with EBV; black sky made of malignant cells

87
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick Bodies (fronto-temporal dementia)

88
Q

“Soap Bubble” in femur or tibia on X-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (benign usually)

89
Q

“spikes” on BM, “dome-like” sub-epithelial deposits

A

Membranous GN- may progress to nephrotic syndrome

90
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

AKA Rouleaux- High ESR or Multiple Myeloma

91
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells on Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella Vaginalis)

92
Q

“Tennis Racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans’ cells

A

Birbeck granules (Histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

93
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombi)

94
Q

Thumb Sign on lateral X-ray

A

Epiglottitis (H-flu)

95
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis

96
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease: 1) Macrovesicular fatty change: EtOH, 2) Microvesicular fatty change: Reye Syndrome, Pregnancy

97
Q

“smudged” WBCs

A

CLL (almost always B-cell, affects old people)

98
Q

“wire-loop” glomerular appearance on LM

A

Lupus Nephropathy

99
Q

Xanthochromia

A

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